[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":3055},["ShallowReactive",2],{"content-/cperez/2026-07-23/why-ai-agents-need-software-developers":3},{"article":4,"all":2065},{"_path":5,"_dir":6,"_draft":7,"_partial":7,"_locale":8,"title":9,"description":10,"publishDate":6,"image":11,"author":12,"tags":15,"excerpt":10,"body":24,"_type":2059,"_id":2060,"_source":2061,"_file":2062,"_stem":2063,"_extension":2064},"/cperez/2026-07-23/why-ai-agents-need-software-developers","2026-07-23",false,"","Beyond the Chatbot: Your AI Agent Is a Software Product, Not a Prompt","The AI-agent demo usually looks simple.","/cperez/2026-07-23/img/why-ai-agents-need-software-developers.jpg",{"name":13,"user":14},"Carlos Perez","cperez",[16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23],"ai","humans in the loop","ai investment","chatbots","agentic ai","ai agents","security","ai development",{"type":25,"children":26,"toc":2024},"root",[27,34,39,44,49,54,59,64,69,74,79,86,91,96,101,106,122,127,132,138,173,179,184,189,196,201,206,211,216,222,227,232,237,242,247,252,258,263,268,273,278,283,289,294,299,304,309,314,319,373,378,383,388,393,398,403,408,413,418,424,429,434,439,444,449,454,459,464,507,512,517,522,527,532,538,543,548,601,606,611,616,621,626,631,636,679,684,689,695,700,705,710,715,743,748,753,758,763,768,773,786,791,796,801,807,812,817,822,827,832,837,842,847,852,857,862,910,915,920,925,931,936,941,984,989,994,1006,1011,1016,1059,1064,1069,1074,1080,1085,1090,1095,1100,1105,1110,1115,1120,1125,1129,1192,1197,1202,1207,1212,1217,1222,1228,1233,1238,1291,1296,1301,1306,1311,1316,1321,1327,1332,1337,1342,1347,1415,1420,1425,1430,1435,1441,1446,1451,1456,1461,1466,1514,1519,1524,1529,1534,1540,1545,1550,1555,1560,1565,1623,1628,1633,1639,1644,1649,1654,1659,1664,1712,1717,1722,1727,1733,1746,1751,1756,1789,1794,1799,1804,1809,1814,1819,1824,1829,1834,1839,1844,1850,1855,1860,1865,1870,1875,1880,1885,1890,1895,1900,1905,1910,1915,1920,1925,1930,1936,1942,1947,1953,1958,1964,1969,1975,1980,1986,1991,1997,2002,2008,2013,2019],{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":30,"children":31},"element","p",{},[32],{"type":33,"value":10},"text",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":35,"children":36},{},[37],{"type":33,"value":38},"Someone types a request.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":40,"children":41},{},[42],{"type":33,"value":43},"The agent searches a few systems, decides what to do, and completes the task.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":45,"children":46},{},[47],{"type":33,"value":48},"It’s impressive.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":50,"children":51},{},[52],{"type":33,"value":53},"It also leaves out most of the work.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":55,"children":56},{},[57],{"type":33,"value":58},"In a real business environment, the agent has to identify the right customer, retrieve information from several applications, apply current policies, respect permissions, handle missing data, request approval when necessary, update the correct records, and recover when one of those steps fails.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":60,"children":61},{},[62],{"type":33,"value":63},"The AI model may help interpret the request and propose a next action.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":65,"children":66},{},[67],{"type":33,"value":68},"Software developers have to make everything around that action work.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":70,"children":71},{},[72],{"type":33,"value":73},"That is the part organizations should understand before they invest in another chatbot, copilot, or company-wide AI initiative.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":75,"children":76},{},[77],{"type":33,"value":78},"Successful AI adoption is not primarily a prompt-engineering exercise. It is a software architecture, product design, integration, and governance challenge. In other words, successful AI-agent adoption is fundamentally a custom software challenge.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":81,"children":83},"h3",{"id":82},"what-does-an-enterprise-ai-agent-actually-require",[84],{"type":33,"value":85},"What does an enterprise AI agent actually require?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":87,"children":88},{},[89],{"type":33,"value":90},"A production AI agent requires a complete software system around the model.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":92,"children":93},{},[94],{"type":33,"value":95},"That system needs to connect with existing applications and data, authenticate users, enforce permissions, preserve workflow state, apply business rules, request human approval, record what happened, and recover safely from errors.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":97,"children":98},{},[99],{"type":33,"value":100},"A model can suggest an action.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":102,"children":103},{},[104],{"type":33,"value":105},"Software determines whether the action is allowed and what happens next.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":107,"children":108},{},[109,111,120],{"type":33,"value":110},"That distinction is becoming more important as AI products move beyond generating text. The National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST) AI Agent Standards Initiative focuses on agents that can act autonomously, operate securely on behalf of users, and interoperate with the surrounding digital environment. NIST is also exploring practical approaches to identifying agents and authorizing their access and actions. (",{"type":28,"tag":112,"props":113,"children":117},"a",{"href":114,"rel":115},"https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2026/02/announcing-ai-agent-standards-initiative-interoperable-and-secure",[116],"nofollow",[118],{"type":33,"value":119},"NIST",{"type":33,"value":121},")",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":123,"children":124},{},[125],{"type":33,"value":126},"Those are not model-selection questions.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":128,"children":129},{},[130],{"type":33,"value":131},"They are software-development questions.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":133,"children":135},{"id":134},"key-takeaways",[136],{"type":33,"value":137},"Key takeaways",{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":140,"children":141},"ul",{},[142,148,153,158,163,168],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":144,"children":145},"li",{},[146],{"type":33,"value":147},"An AI agent is not a standalone model. It is a software product that includes integrations, permissions, workflow logic, interfaces, monitoring, and recovery.",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":149,"children":150},{},[151],{"type":33,"value":152},"The hardest part is often connecting the agent to the organization’s real systems and rules without giving it too much authority.",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":154,"children":155},{},[156],{"type":33,"value":157},"Software developers are needed to turn informal business processes into explicit, testable workflows.",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":159,"children":160},{},[161],{"type":33,"value":162},"Human review should be designed into the product rather than added as a generic approval button.",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":164,"children":165},{},[166],{"type":33,"value":167},"Agent testing must cover APIs, permissions, business rules, failures, and unintended actions—not merely the quality of generated responses.",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":169,"children":170},{},[171],{"type":33,"value":172},"Organizations should begin with one bounded workflow that has a clear owner and a measurable outcome.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":174,"children":176},{"id":175},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-chatbot-and-an-ai-agent",[177],{"type":33,"value":178},"What is the difference between a chatbot and an AI agent?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":180,"children":181},{},[182],{"type":33,"value":183},"The most useful distinction is not how the product describes itself.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":185,"children":186},{},[187],{"type":33,"value":188},"It is what the software can do.",{"type":28,"tag":190,"props":191,"children":193},"h4",{"id":192},"a-chatbot-responds",[194],{"type":33,"value":195},"A chatbot responds",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":197,"children":198},{},[199],{"type":33,"value":200},"A chatbot answers questions or generates content.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":202,"children":203},{},[204],{"type":33,"value":205},"It may explain a policy, summarize a document, or help someone locate information. The output remains inside the conversation until a person decides to act on it.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":207,"children":208},{},[209],{"type":33,"value":210},"The potential value is real.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":212,"children":213},{},[214],{"type":33,"value":215},"The operational risk is relatively contained.",{"type":28,"tag":190,"props":217,"children":219},{"id":218},"an-assistant-prepares-work",[220],{"type":33,"value":221},"An assistant prepares work",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":223,"children":224},{},[225],{"type":33,"value":226},"An assistant may retrieve approved information, draft a response, compare options, or recommend a next step.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":228,"children":229},{},[230],{"type":33,"value":231},"It can help someone work faster, but the person remains in control of the business process.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":233,"children":234},{},[235],{"type":33,"value":236},"The assistant prepares the email.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":238,"children":239},{},[240],{"type":33,"value":241},"A person sends it.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":243,"children":244},{},[245],{"type":33,"value":246},"The assistant summarizes the account.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":248,"children":249},{},[250],{"type":33,"value":251},"A person decides what to change.",{"type":28,"tag":190,"props":253,"children":255},{"id":254},"an-agent-changes-something",[256],{"type":33,"value":257},"An agent changes something",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":259,"children":260},{},[261],{"type":33,"value":262},"An agent can interact with other software and take action.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":264,"children":265},{},[266],{"type":33,"value":267},"It may update a customer record, create a support case, submit an order, schedule a service, modify a project plan, or trigger another automated process.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":269,"children":270},{},[271],{"type":33,"value":272},"That is where the software-development challenge changes.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":274,"children":275},{},[276],{"type":33,"value":277},"The system is no longer producing information for someone to consider.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":279,"children":280},{},[281],{"type":33,"value":282},"It is participating in the operation of the business.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":284,"children":286},{"id":285},"the-model-is-only-one-component",[287],{"type":33,"value":288},"The model is only one component",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":290,"children":291},{},[292],{"type":33,"value":293},"Organizations understandably spend time comparing AI models.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":295,"children":296},{},[297],{"type":33,"value":298},"They evaluate response quality, speed, cost, context windows, tool use, and support for their preferred cloud environment.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":300,"children":301},{},[302],{"type":33,"value":303},"Those choices matter.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":305,"children":306},{},[307],{"type":33,"value":308},"But they do not answer most of the questions that determine whether an agent will succeed in production.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":310,"children":311},{},[312],{"type":33,"value":313},"Consider an agent designed to handle routine customer-order exceptions.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":315,"children":316},{},[317],{"type":33,"value":318},"The agent may need to:",{"type":28,"tag":320,"props":321,"children":322},"ol",{},[323,328,333,338,343,348,353,358,363,368],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":324,"children":325},{},[326],{"type":33,"value":327},"Understand what the customer is requesting.",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":329,"children":330},{},[331],{"type":33,"value":332},"Confirm the customer and order.",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":334,"children":335},{},[336],{"type":33,"value":337},"Retrieve payment, fulfillment, and account information.",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":339,"children":340},{},[341],{"type":33,"value":342},"Determine which policy applies.",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":344,"children":345},{},[346],{"type":33,"value":347},"Check whether the request falls within an allowed threshold.",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":349,"children":350},{},[351],{"type":33,"value":352},"Prepare a proposed resolution.",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":354,"children":355},{},[356],{"type":33,"value":357},"Request approval when necessary.",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":359,"children":360},{},[361],{"type":33,"value":362},"Update several systems.",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":364,"children":365},{},[366],{"type":33,"value":367},"Notify the customer.",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":369,"children":370},{},[371],{"type":33,"value":372},"Record the decision and its supporting evidence.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":374,"children":375},{},[376],{"type":33,"value":377},"The model may contribute to understanding the request and recommending a resolution.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":379,"children":380},{},[381],{"type":33,"value":382},"But the agent cannot complete the workflow safely without custom software.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":384,"children":385},{},[386],{"type":33,"value":387},"Someone has to build the connections to the order, payment, inventory, and customer systems.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":389,"children":390},{},[391],{"type":33,"value":392},"Someone has to determine which source is authoritative when the systems disagree.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":394,"children":395},{},[396],{"type":33,"value":397},"Someone has to implement the thresholds that should never be left to model judgment.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":399,"children":400},{},[401],{"type":33,"value":402},"Someone has to prevent the agent from issuing the same credit twice when an API times out.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":404,"children":405},{},[406],{"type":33,"value":407},"Someone has to design the screen an employee uses to review an unusual case.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":409,"children":410},{},[411],{"type":33,"value":412},"And someone has to make sure the entire process can be tested.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":414,"children":415},{},[416],{"type":33,"value":417},"That is the real product.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":419,"children":421},{"id":420},"software-developers-turn-business-knowledge-into-an-operational-system",[422],{"type":33,"value":423},"Software developers turn business knowledge into an operational system",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":425,"children":426},{},[427],{"type":33,"value":428},"Most organizations already know a great deal about the workflow they want to improve.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":430,"children":431},{},[432],{"type":33,"value":433},"The knowledge may live in policy documents, training materials, spreadsheets, application settings, database fields, support notes, and the experience of the people who perform the work every day.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":435,"children":436},{},[437],{"type":33,"value":438},"It rarely arrives as a clean specification.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":440,"children":441},{},[442],{"type":33,"value":443},"A manager may say:",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":445,"children":446},{},[447],{"type":33,"value":448},"“We can normally approve this, unless the account is new, the amount is unusually high, or the order has already received an exception.”",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":450,"children":451},{},[452],{"type":33,"value":453},"An experienced employee understands what that means.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":455,"children":456},{},[457],{"type":33,"value":458},"Software does not.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":460,"children":461},{},[462],{"type":33,"value":463},"A development team has to turn that knowledge into explicit behavior:",{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":465,"children":466},{},[467,472,477,482,487,492,497,502],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":468,"children":469},{},[470],{"type":33,"value":471},"What counts as a new account?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":473,"children":474},{},[475],{"type":33,"value":476},"Where does the system find the account age?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":478,"children":479},{},[480],{"type":33,"value":481},"What amount is unusually high?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":483,"children":484},{},[485],{"type":33,"value":486},"Does the threshold differ by product or customer?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":488,"children":489},{},[490],{"type":33,"value":491},"Which exceptions disqualify the order?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":493,"children":494},{},[495],{"type":33,"value":496},"What happens when the exception history is incomplete?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":498,"children":499},{},[500],{"type":33,"value":501},"Who may override the rule?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":503,"children":504},{},[505],{"type":33,"value":506},"What evidence must appear during approval?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":508,"children":509},{},[510],{"type":33,"value":511},"This is one reason a generic agent cannot simply be connected to “company data” and expected to perform useful work.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":513,"children":514},{},[515],{"type":33,"value":516},"Business processes contain ambiguity, exceptions, competing sources, and institutional knowledge.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":518,"children":519},{},[520],{"type":33,"value":521},"Software developers work with domain experts to make those details concrete.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":523,"children":524},{},[525],{"type":33,"value":526},"The client understands the business.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":528,"children":529},{},[530],{"type":33,"value":531},"The development team turns that understanding into a product the organization can operate and trust.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":533,"children":535},{"id":534},"the-integration-layer-is-where-the-real-complexity-lives",[536],{"type":33,"value":537},"The integration layer is where the real complexity lives",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":539,"children":540},{},[541],{"type":33,"value":542},"A useful agent usually needs to work with applications the organization already depends on.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":544,"children":545},{},[546],{"type":33,"value":547},"That may include:",{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":549,"children":550},{},[551,556,561,566,571,576,581,586,591,596],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":552,"children":553},{},[554],{"type":33,"value":555},"Customer relationship management software",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":557,"children":558},{},[559],{"type":33,"value":560},"Enterprise resource planning systems",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":562,"children":563},{},[564],{"type":33,"value":565},"Internal databases",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":567,"children":568},{},[569],{"type":33,"value":570},"Document repositories",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":572,"children":573},{},[574],{"type":33,"value":575},"Support platforms",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":577,"children":578},{},[579],{"type":33,"value":580},"Payment services",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":582,"children":583},{},[584],{"type":33,"value":585},"Scheduling tools",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":587,"children":588},{},[589],{"type":33,"value":590},"Identity providers",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":592,"children":593},{},[594],{"type":33,"value":595},"Reporting systems",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":597,"children":598},{},[599],{"type":33,"value":600},"Custom legacy applications",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":602,"children":603},{},[604],{"type":33,"value":605},"Some of those systems will have modern APIs.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":607,"children":608},{},[609],{"type":33,"value":610},"Some will have incomplete APIs.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":612,"children":613},{},[614],{"type":33,"value":615},"Some will contain duplicate or inconsistent information.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":617,"children":618},{},[619],{"type":33,"value":620},"Some will be difficult to change because other parts of the business depend on their current behavior.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":622,"children":623},{},[624],{"type":33,"value":625},"The agent needs more than access.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":627,"children":628},{},[629],{"type":33,"value":630},"It needs an integration layer that can translate between systems, validate incoming data, manage errors, preserve state, and expose a safe set of operations.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":632,"children":633},{},[634],{"type":33,"value":635},"That layer may need to answer questions such as:",{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":637,"children":638},{},[639,644,649,654,659,664,669,674],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":640,"children":641},{},[642],{"type":33,"value":643},"Which system owns a particular field?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":645,"children":646},{},[647],{"type":33,"value":648},"What happens when two applications disagree?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":650,"children":651},{},[652],{"type":33,"value":653},"Can the operation be repeated safely?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":655,"children":656},{},[657],{"type":33,"value":658},"How should rate limits and outages be handled?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":660,"children":661},{},[662],{"type":33,"value":663},"Which fields may be sent to the AI provider?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":665,"children":666},{},[667],{"type":33,"value":668},"What should be cached, and for how long?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":670,"children":671},{},[672],{"type":33,"value":673},"How will the system know whether an update succeeded?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":675,"children":676},{},[677],{"type":33,"value":678},"What happens when only part of a multi-step operation completes?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":680,"children":681},{},[682],{"type":33,"value":683},"A prototype may bypass these questions.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":685,"children":686},{},[687],{"type":33,"value":688},"Production software cannot.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":690,"children":692},{"id":691},"permissions-have-to-be-designed-not-implied",[693],{"type":33,"value":694},"Permissions have to be designed, not implied",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":696,"children":697},{},[698],{"type":33,"value":699},"An employee may have broad access because their role requires them to handle many different situations.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":701,"children":702},{},[703],{"type":33,"value":704},"An agent assigned to one workflow does not need the same authority.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":706,"children":707},{},[708],{"type":33,"value":709},"Suppose an operations manager can view all customer accounts, approve large credits, change account terms, and export reports.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":711,"children":712},{},[713],{"type":33,"value":714},"An agent helping that manager review a routine exception may only need to:",{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":716,"children":717},{},[718,723,728,733,738],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":719,"children":720},{},[721],{"type":33,"value":722},"Read a specific order",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":724,"children":725},{},[726],{"type":33,"value":727},"Read a limited portion of the customer record",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":729,"children":730},{},[731],{"type":33,"value":732},"Check prior exceptions",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":734,"children":735},{},[736],{"type":33,"value":737},"Prepare a credit below a defined amount",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":739,"children":740},{},[741],{"type":33,"value":742},"Send the proposal for approval",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":744,"children":745},{},[746],{"type":33,"value":747},"Giving the agent all of the manager’s permissions would be easier.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":749,"children":750},{},[751],{"type":33,"value":752},"It would also create unnecessary risk.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":754,"children":755},{},[756],{"type":33,"value":757},"A software development team can design the agent as a distinct actor with its own identity and narrowly defined capabilities. It can separate permission to read information from permission to prepare, submit, approve, or reverse an action.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":759,"children":760},{},[761],{"type":33,"value":762},"It can also make access contextual.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":764,"children":765},{},[766],{"type":33,"value":767},"The agent may be allowed to read one customer’s information while completing one case for a limited period of time.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":769,"children":770},{},[771],{"type":33,"value":772},"That is very different from receiving permanent access to the entire customer database.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":774,"children":775},{},[776,778,785],{"type":33,"value":777},"NIST’s work on software and AI-agent identity reflects the growing importance of identifying agents, controlling their privileges, auditing their actions, and determining on whose behalf they are operating. (",{"type":28,"tag":112,"props":779,"children":782},{"href":780,"rel":781},"https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/other/2026/02/05/accelerating-the-adoption-of-software-and-ai-agent/ipd",[116],[783],{"type":33,"value":784},"NIST Computer Security Resource Center",{"type":33,"value":121},{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":787,"children":788},{},[789],{"type":33,"value":790},"The principle is familiar to experienced developers:",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":792,"children":793},{},[794],{"type":33,"value":795},"Give each part of the system only the authority it needs.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":797,"children":798},{},[799],{"type":33,"value":800},"Agents make that principle more important, not less.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":802,"children":804},{"id":803},"business-rules-should-not-all-become-model-decisions",[805],{"type":33,"value":806},"Business rules should not all become model decisions",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":808,"children":809},{},[810],{"type":33,"value":811},"Large language models are useful because they can work with ambiguous, unstructured information.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":813,"children":814},{},[815],{"type":33,"value":816},"That does not mean every decision should be ambiguous.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":818,"children":819},{},[820],{"type":33,"value":821},"Many parts of a business workflow are better handled by ordinary software.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":823,"children":824},{},[825],{"type":33,"value":826},"A model may interpret what a customer is asking.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":828,"children":829},{},[830],{"type":33,"value":831},"Deterministic code should probably enforce the maximum credit the agent can prepare.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":833,"children":834},{},[835],{"type":33,"value":836},"A model may classify an incoming document.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":838,"children":839},{},[840],{"type":33,"value":841},"A rules engine may determine the required retention period.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":843,"children":844},{},[845],{"type":33,"value":846},"A model may summarize the history of a support case.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":848,"children":849},{},[850],{"type":33,"value":851},"The application should decide which roles may view the summary.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":853,"children":854},{},[855],{"type":33,"value":856},"This division of responsibility matters.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":858,"children":859},{},[860],{"type":33,"value":861},"Traditional software is often better for:",{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":863,"children":864},{},[865,870,875,880,885,890,895,900,905],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":866,"children":867},{},[868],{"type":33,"value":869},"Exact calculations",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":871,"children":872},{},[873],{"type":33,"value":874},"Permission checks",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":876,"children":877},{},[878],{"type":33,"value":879},"Eligibility rules",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":881,"children":882},{},[883],{"type":33,"value":884},"Required fields",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":886,"children":887},{},[888],{"type":33,"value":889},"Monetary thresholds",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":891,"children":892},{},[893],{"type":33,"value":894},"State transitions",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":896,"children":897},{},[898],{"type":33,"value":899},"Duplicate prevention",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":901,"children":902},{},[903],{"type":33,"value":904},"Regulatory constraints",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":906,"children":907},{},[908],{"type":33,"value":909},"Actions that must behave consistently",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":911,"children":912},{},[913],{"type":33,"value":914},"AI is useful where the workflow requires interpretation, synthesis, or reasoning across less structured information.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":916,"children":917},{},[918],{"type":33,"value":919},"Good agent architecture does not ask the model to do everything.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":921,"children":922},{},[923],{"type":33,"value":924},"It gives each part of the system the job it is best suited to perform.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":926,"children":928},{"id":927},"human-approval-is-a-product-feature",[929],{"type":33,"value":930},"Human approval is a product feature",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":932,"children":933},{},[934],{"type":33,"value":935},"We believe it’s vital to “keep a human in the loop.”",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":937,"children":938},{},[939],{"type":33,"value":940},"A development team still needs to decide:",{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":942,"children":943},{},[944,949,954,959,964,969,974,979],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":945,"children":946},{},[947],{"type":33,"value":948},"Which actions require approval?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":950,"children":951},{},[952],{"type":33,"value":953},"Who is qualified to approve them?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":955,"children":956},{},[957],{"type":33,"value":958},"What information should the reviewer see?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":960,"children":961},{},[962],{"type":33,"value":963},"How quickly must the decision be made?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":965,"children":966},{},[967],{"type":33,"value":968},"Can the request be reassigned?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":970,"children":971},{},[972],{"type":33,"value":973},"What happens when no one responds?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":975,"children":976},{},[977],{"type":33,"value":978},"Can the reviewer change the proposal?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":980,"children":981},{},[982],{"type":33,"value":983},"How is the decision recorded?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":985,"children":986},{},[987],{"type":33,"value":988},"A generic approval prompt is rarely enough.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":990,"children":991},{},[992],{"type":33,"value":993},"Imagine receiving this message:",{"type":28,"tag":995,"props":996,"children":1000},"pre",{"className":997,"code":999,"language":33},[998],"language-text","The agent recommends approving this exception. Continue?\n",[1001],{"type":28,"tag":1002,"props":1003,"children":1004},"code",{"__ignoreMap":8},[1005],{"type":33,"value":999},{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1007,"children":1008},{},[1009],{"type":33,"value":1010},"That does not help the reviewer understand the recommendation.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1012,"children":1013},{},[1014],{"type":33,"value":1015},"A useful interface might show:",{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":1017,"children":1018},{},[1019,1024,1029,1034,1039,1044,1049,1054],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1020,"children":1021},{},[1022],{"type":33,"value":1023},"The customer’s request",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1025,"children":1026},{},[1027],{"type":33,"value":1028},"The records the agent consulted",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1030,"children":1031},{},[1032],{"type":33,"value":1033},"The relevant policy",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1035,"children":1036},{},[1037],{"type":33,"value":1038},"The proposed resolution",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1040,"children":1041},{},[1042],{"type":33,"value":1043},"The financial or operational effect",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1045,"children":1046},{},[1047],{"type":33,"value":1048},"Missing or conflicting information",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1050,"children":1051},{},[1052],{"type":33,"value":1053},"The reason human review was required",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1055,"children":1056},{},[1057],{"type":33,"value":1058},"The actions that will occur after approval",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1060,"children":1061},{},[1062],{"type":33,"value":1063},"This is product design.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1065,"children":1066},{},[1067],{"type":33,"value":1068},"The reviewer is a user with a job to complete, limited time, and responsibility for the result.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1070,"children":1071},{},[1072],{"type":33,"value":1073},"The approval experience should be designed with the same care as the agent itself.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":1075,"children":1077},{"id":1076},"agents-need-ordinary-software-reliability",[1078],{"type":33,"value":1079},"Agents need ordinary software reliability",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1081,"children":1082},{},[1083],{"type":33,"value":1084},"AI agents introduce new behavior.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1086,"children":1087},{},[1088],{"type":33,"value":1089},"They do not eliminate familiar software failures.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1091,"children":1092},{},[1093],{"type":33,"value":1094},"Databases become unavailable.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1096,"children":1097},{},[1098],{"type":33,"value":1099},"APIs time out.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1101,"children":1102},{},[1103],{"type":33,"value":1104},"Credentials expire.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1106,"children":1107},{},[1108],{"type":33,"value":1109},"Records change while a workflow is running.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1111,"children":1112},{},[1113],{"type":33,"value":1114},"Users submit incomplete information.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1116,"children":1117},{},[1118],{"type":33,"value":1119},"External systems accept an update but fail to return a response.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1121,"children":1122},{},[1123],{"type":33,"value":1124},"An agentic workflow needs the same reliability engineering expected of other business-critical software.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1126,"children":1127},{},[1128],{"type":33,"value":547},{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":1130,"children":1131},{},[1132,1137,1142,1147,1152,1157,1162,1167,1172,1177,1182,1187],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1133,"children":1134},{},[1135],{"type":33,"value":1136},"Explicit workflow states",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1138,"children":1139},{},[1140],{"type":33,"value":1141},"Validated API inputs",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1143,"children":1144},{},[1145],{"type":33,"value":1146},"Bounded retries",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1148,"children":1149},{},[1150],{"type":33,"value":1151},"Idempotent operations",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1153,"children":1154},{},[1155],{"type":33,"value":1156},"Duplicate-action prevention",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1158,"children":1159},{},[1160],{"type":33,"value":1161},"Checkpoints",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1163,"children":1164},{},[1165],{"type":33,"value":1166},"Timeouts",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1168,"children":1169},{},[1170],{"type":33,"value":1171},"Circuit breakers",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1173,"children":1174},{},[1175],{"type":33,"value":1176},"Error queues",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1178,"children":1179},{},[1180],{"type":33,"value":1181},"Manual recovery tools",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1183,"children":1184},{},[1185],{"type":33,"value":1186},"Compensating transactions",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1188,"children":1189},{},[1190],{"type":33,"value":1191},"Alerts and operational dashboards",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1193,"children":1194},{},[1195],{"type":33,"value":1196},"Suppose an agent creates a refund but times out before receiving confirmation.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1198,"children":1199},{},[1200],{"type":33,"value":1201},"Should it try again?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1203,"children":1204},{},[1205],{"type":33,"value":1206},"Not until the software determines whether the first request succeeded.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1208,"children":1209},{},[1210],{"type":33,"value":1211},"Otherwise, a temporary network problem can become a duplicate payment.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1213,"children":1214},{},[1215],{"type":33,"value":1216},"The model cannot solve that by reasoning harder.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1218,"children":1219},{},[1220],{"type":33,"value":1221},"Developers need to design the transaction correctly.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":1223,"children":1225},{"id":1224},"auditability-has-to-be-built-into-the-architecture",[1226],{"type":33,"value":1227},"Auditability has to be built into the architecture",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1229,"children":1230},{},[1231],{"type":33,"value":1232},"When an agent participates in business decisions, the organization needs to be able to reconstruct what happened.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1234,"children":1235},{},[1236],{"type":33,"value":1237},"That may require recording:",{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":1239,"children":1240},{},[1241,1246,1251,1256,1261,1266,1271,1276,1281,1286],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1242,"children":1243},{},[1244],{"type":33,"value":1245},"Who initiated the workflow",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1247,"children":1248},{},[1249],{"type":33,"value":1250},"Which agent and software version handled it",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1252,"children":1253},{},[1254],{"type":33,"value":1255},"Which systems and records were consulted",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1257,"children":1258},{},[1259],{"type":33,"value":1260},"Which tools were called",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1262,"children":1263},{},[1264],{"type":33,"value":1265},"Which rules and policies were applied",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1267,"children":1268},{},[1269],{"type":33,"value":1270},"What the agent proposed",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1272,"children":1273},{},[1274],{"type":33,"value":1275},"What a person approved or rejected",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1277,"children":1278},{},[1279],{"type":33,"value":1280},"What action was ultimately taken",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1282,"children":1283},{},[1284],{"type":33,"value":1285},"Which records changed",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1287,"children":1288},{},[1289],{"type":33,"value":1290},"Which errors or retries occurred",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1292,"children":1293},{},[1294],{"type":33,"value":1295},"This is not simply a transcript of the agent’s conversation.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1297,"children":1298},{},[1299],{"type":33,"value":1300},"A useful audit trail should represent the business process.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1302,"children":1303},{},[1304],{"type":33,"value":1305},"It should connect the input, decision, approval, action, and outcome in a form that developers, operators, security teams, and business owners can understand.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1307,"children":1308},{},[1309],{"type":33,"value":1310},"Logging also needs limits.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1312,"children":1313},{},[1314],{"type":33,"value":1315},"Retrieved documents, prompts, API responses, and model outputs may contain confidential information. Recording everything can create a new security and privacy problem.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1317,"children":1318},{},[1319],{"type":33,"value":1320},"Developers need to decide what evidence is necessary, what should be redacted, who may access it, and how long it should be retained.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":1322,"children":1324},{"id":1323},"testing-the-model-is-not-enough",[1325],{"type":33,"value":1326},"Testing the model is not enough",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1328,"children":1329},{},[1330],{"type":33,"value":1331},"An agent may perform well in a demonstration and still fail in production.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1333,"children":1334},{},[1335],{"type":33,"value":1336},"That is because the demonstration usually tests the happy path.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1338,"children":1339},{},[1340],{"type":33,"value":1341},"Real software has to handle everything else.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1343,"children":1344},{},[1345],{"type":33,"value":1346},"A complete testing strategy should ask:",{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":1348,"children":1349},{},[1350,1355,1360,1365,1370,1375,1380,1385,1390,1395,1400,1405,1410],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1351,"children":1352},{},[1353],{"type":33,"value":1354},"Does the agent retrieve the correct record?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1356,"children":1357},{},[1358],{"type":33,"value":1359},"Are tenant and user boundaries enforced?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1361,"children":1362},{},[1363],{"type":33,"value":1364},"Can it call only approved tools?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1366,"children":1367},{},[1368],{"type":33,"value":1369},"Are tool inputs validated?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1371,"children":1372},{},[1373],{"type":33,"value":1374},"Can untrusted content alter its instructions?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1376,"children":1377},{},[1378],{"type":33,"value":1379},"Does it act when required information is missing?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1381,"children":1382},{},[1383],{"type":33,"value":1384},"Does it recognize conflicting data?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1386,"children":1387},{},[1388],{"type":33,"value":1389},"Are monetary and policy limits enforced outside the model?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1391,"children":1392},{},[1393],{"type":33,"value":1394},"Can a timeout cause the same action to occur twice?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1396,"children":1397},{},[1398],{"type":33,"value":1399},"Does a model or prompt update change workflow outcomes?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1401,"children":1402},{},[1403],{"type":33,"value":1404},"Can the system continue safely when the model is unavailable?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1406,"children":1407},{},[1408],{"type":33,"value":1409},"Does the human reviewer receive enough information?",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1411,"children":1412},{},[1413],{"type":33,"value":1414},"Can the organization recover from a partial failure?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1416,"children":1417},{},[1418],{"type":33,"value":1419},"Developers may need integration tests, security tests, adversarial scenarios, evaluation datasets, regression tests, and simulations of failed dependencies.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1421,"children":1422},{},[1423],{"type":33,"value":1424},"They also need release practices.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1426,"children":1427},{},[1428],{"type":33,"value":1429},"Changing a prompt, model, retrieval strategy, or tool description can alter the agent’s behavior. Those changes should be versioned, tested, reviewed, and deployed deliberately.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1431,"children":1432},{},[1433],{"type":33,"value":1434},"An agent should not become a part of the business that changes invisibly.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":1436,"children":1438},{"id":1437},"the-user-interface-still-matters",[1439],{"type":33,"value":1440},"The user interface still matters",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1442,"children":1443},{},[1444],{"type":33,"value":1445},"Agentic AI is sometimes presented as though the interface will disappear.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1447,"children":1448},{},[1449],{"type":33,"value":1450},"A user will express an intent, and the agent will handle everything else.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1452,"children":1453},{},[1454],{"type":33,"value":1455},"Some workflows may become that simple.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1457,"children":1458},{},[1459],{"type":33,"value":1460},"Many will not.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1462,"children":1463},{},[1464],{"type":33,"value":1465},"Users still need to:",{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":1467,"children":1468},{},[1469,1474,1479,1484,1489,1494,1499,1504,1509],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1470,"children":1471},{},[1472],{"type":33,"value":1473},"Start or configure a task",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1475,"children":1476},{},[1477],{"type":33,"value":1478},"Supply missing information",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1480,"children":1481},{},[1482],{"type":33,"value":1483},"Review recommendations",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1485,"children":1486},{},[1487],{"type":33,"value":1488},"Understand system status",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1490,"children":1491},{},[1492],{"type":33,"value":1493},"Resolve exceptions",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1495,"children":1496},{},[1497],{"type":33,"value":1498},"Correct mistakes",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1500,"children":1501},{},[1502],{"type":33,"value":1503},"Inspect prior actions",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1505,"children":1506},{},[1507],{"type":33,"value":1508},"Pause or stop a workflow",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1510,"children":1511},{},[1512],{"type":33,"value":1513},"Take over when automation cannot continue",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1515,"children":1516},{},[1517],{"type":33,"value":1518},"Those interactions need thoughtful software design.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1520,"children":1521},{},[1522],{"type":33,"value":1523},"A person should know whether the agent is gathering information, waiting for another system, requesting approval, retrying an operation, or unable to proceed.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1525,"children":1526},{},[1527],{"type":33,"value":1528},"They should also know what the agent has and has not done.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1530,"children":1531},{},[1532],{"type":33,"value":1533},"Without that visibility, automation can make a workflow harder to understand even when it makes parts of it faster.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":1535,"children":1537},{"id":1536},"buying-an-ai-platform-does-not-remove-the-need-for-developers",[1538],{"type":33,"value":1539},"Buying an AI platform does not remove the need for developers",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1541,"children":1542},{},[1543],{"type":33,"value":1544},"Organizations do not necessarily need to build every AI component themselves.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1546,"children":1547},{},[1548],{"type":33,"value":1549},"They may use a commercial model, an agent framework, a cloud AI service, a vector database, or vendor-provided connectors.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1551,"children":1552},{},[1553],{"type":33,"value":1554},"That can be a sensible approach.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1556,"children":1557},{},[1558],{"type":33,"value":1559},"But purchasing those components does not produce a finished workflow.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1561,"children":1562},{},[1563],{"type":33,"value":1564},"The organization still needs to determine:",{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":1566,"children":1567},{},[1568,1573,1578,1583,1588,1593,1598,1603,1608,1613,1618],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1569,"children":1570},{},[1571],{"type":33,"value":1572},"How the agent fits into its architecture",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1574,"children":1575},{},[1576],{"type":33,"value":1577},"Which data it can use",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1579,"children":1580},{},[1581],{"type":33,"value":1582},"How users authenticate",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1584,"children":1585},{},[1586],{"type":33,"value":1587},"Which actions are available",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1589,"children":1590},{},[1591],{"type":33,"value":1592},"Where business rules are enforced",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1594,"children":1595},{},[1596],{"type":33,"value":1597},"How approvals work",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1599,"children":1600},{},[1601],{"type":33,"value":1602},"What information leaves the organization",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1604,"children":1605},{},[1606],{"type":33,"value":1607},"How failures are handled",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1609,"children":1610},{},[1611],{"type":33,"value":1612},"How the system is monitored",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1614,"children":1615},{},[1616],{"type":33,"value":1617},"How vendor changes will be evaluated",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1619,"children":1620},{},[1621],{"type":33,"value":1622},"How the agent will evolve with the business",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1624,"children":1625},{},[1626],{"type":33,"value":1627},"Off-the-shelf tools can reduce the amount of infrastructure a team has to create.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1629,"children":1630},{},[1631],{"type":33,"value":1632},"They do not eliminate the need to understand and engineer the product.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":1634,"children":1636},{"id":1635},"why-should-an-organization-start-with-one-workflow",[1637],{"type":33,"value":1638},"Why should an organization start with one workflow?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1640,"children":1641},{},[1642],{"type":33,"value":1643},"Because the first agent project should answer a practical question:",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1645,"children":1646},{},[1647],{"type":33,"value":1648},"Can this system improve a real business process without creating more risk or complexity than it removes?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1650,"children":1651},{},[1652],{"type":33,"value":1653},"A company-wide AI initiative is too broad to answer that clearly.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1655,"children":1656},{},[1657],{"type":33,"value":1658},"A bounded workflow gives the organization something it can design, build, measure, and learn from.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1660,"children":1661},{},[1662],{"type":33,"value":1663},"A strong first candidate usually has:",{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":1665,"children":1666},{},[1667,1672,1677,1682,1687,1692,1697,1702,1707],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1668,"children":1669},{},[1670],{"type":33,"value":1671},"A clear trigger",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1673,"children":1674},{},[1675],{"type":33,"value":1676},"A defined completion point",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1678,"children":1679},{},[1680],{"type":33,"value":1681},"A known business owner",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1683,"children":1684},{},[1685],{"type":33,"value":1686},"Repetitive work",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1688,"children":1689},{},[1690],{"type":33,"value":1691},"Accessible data",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1693,"children":1694},{},[1695],{"type":33,"value":1696},"A limited number of systems",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1698,"children":1699},{},[1700],{"type":33,"value":1701},"Explicit decision rules",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1703,"children":1704},{},[1705],{"type":33,"value":1706},"Manageable consequences",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1708,"children":1709},{},[1710],{"type":33,"value":1711},"A measurable baseline",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1713,"children":1714},{},[1715],{"type":33,"value":1716},"The goal might be to reduce handling time, improve consistency, shorten a queue, decrease manual data entry, or help employees resolve more cases without switching among several applications.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1718,"children":1719},{},[1720],{"type":33,"value":1721},"The outcome should be observable.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1723,"children":1724},{},[1725],{"type":33,"value":1726},"“We deployed an agent” is not a business result.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":1728,"children":1730},{"id":1729},"where-artlogic-fits",[1731],{"type":33,"value":1732},"Where Art+Logic fits",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1734,"children":1735},{},[1736,1738,1745],{"type":33,"value":1737},"Art+Logic has spent decades designing and developing custom software for organizations with complex requirements. That work includes custom web and cloud applications, internal workflow tools, SaaS platforms, system modernization, and AI-enabled software. (",{"type":28,"tag":112,"props":1739,"children":1742},{"href":1740,"rel":1741},"https://artandlogic.com/software-development-services",[116],[1743],{"type":33,"value":1744},"Art+Logic",{"type":33,"value":121},{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1747,"children":1748},{},[1749],{"type":33,"value":1750},"AI-agent development belongs in that same practice.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1752,"children":1753},{},[1754],{"type":33,"value":1755},"The work begins with the organization’s domain knowledge:",{"type":28,"tag":139,"props":1757,"children":1758},{},[1759,1764,1769,1774,1779,1784],{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1760,"children":1761},{},[1762],{"type":33,"value":1763},"How the business process actually operates",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1765,"children":1766},{},[1767],{"type":33,"value":1768},"Which exceptions matter",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1770,"children":1771},{},[1772],{"type":33,"value":1773},"Which systems contain authoritative information",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1775,"children":1776},{},[1777],{"type":33,"value":1778},"Which actions require judgment",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1780,"children":1781},{},[1782],{"type":33,"value":1783},"Where the current workflow creates friction",{"type":28,"tag":143,"props":1785,"children":1786},{},[1787],{"type":33,"value":1788},"What the organization is and is not willing to automate",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1790,"children":1791},{},[1792],{"type":33,"value":1793},"Developers turn that knowledge into working software.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1795,"children":1796},{},[1797],{"type":33,"value":1798},"They design the architecture, connect the systems, define tool interfaces, enforce permissions, encode deterministic rules, create review experiences, build audit trails, test failure conditions, and prepare the product to change over time.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1800,"children":1801},{},[1802],{"type":33,"value":1803},"AI does not replace that work.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1805,"children":1806},{},[1807],{"type":33,"value":1808},"It creates a new reason to do it carefully.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1810,"children":1811},{},[1812],{"type":33,"value":1813},"Art+Logic’s role is not simply to place a conversational interface in front of an existing model. It is to help build the application around the model—the part that makes AI useful inside a real organization.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1815,"children":1816},{},[1817],{"type":33,"value":1818},"That may mean adding AI capabilities to an existing product.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1820,"children":1821},{},[1822],{"type":33,"value":1823},"It may mean creating a workflow tool that combines model reasoning with conventional software.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1825,"children":1826},{},[1827],{"type":33,"value":1828},"It may mean modernizing an older system before an agent can interact with it safely.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1830,"children":1831},{},[1832],{"type":33,"value":1833},"Or it may mean determining that a simpler automation would solve the problem more reliably.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1835,"children":1836},{},[1837],{"type":33,"value":1838},"The goal is not to use the most AI.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1840,"children":1841},{},[1842],{"type":33,"value":1843},"It is to build the right software.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":1845,"children":1847},{"id":1846},"your-business-doesnt-need-an-agent-everywhere",[1848],{"type":33,"value":1849},"Your business doesn’t need an agent everywhere",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1851,"children":1852},{},[1853],{"type":33,"value":1854},"Agentic AI creates an appealing picture.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1856,"children":1857},{},[1858],{"type":33,"value":1859},"Workflows become faster. Systems coordinate automatically. Employees spend less time gathering information and more time making important decisions.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1861,"children":1862},{},[1863],{"type":33,"value":1864},"Some organizations will achieve that.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1866,"children":1867},{},[1868],{"type":33,"value":1869},"They will not get there by selecting a model and connecting it to every application they own.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1871,"children":1872},{},[1873],{"type":33,"value":1874},"They will get there one workflow at a time.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1876,"children":1877},{},[1878],{"type":33,"value":1879},"They will define the job clearly.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1881,"children":1882},{},[1883],{"type":33,"value":1884},"They will decide which parts require AI and which should remain conventional software.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1886,"children":1887},{},[1888],{"type":33,"value":1889},"They will limit what the agent can access and do.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1891,"children":1892},{},[1893],{"type":33,"value":1894},"They will design meaningful human review.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1896,"children":1897},{},[1898],{"type":33,"value":1899},"They will test the entire system rather than the quality of a few responses.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1901,"children":1902},{},[1903],{"type":33,"value":1904},"And they will involve software developers early enough to shape the product—not after the demonstration is already being treated as a solution.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1906,"children":1907},{},[1908],{"type":33,"value":1909},"Because an agent that can take action is not merely an AI feature.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1911,"children":1912},{},[1913],{"type":33,"value":1914},"It is part of your software architecture.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1916,"children":1917},{},[1918],{"type":33,"value":1919},"It is part of your security model.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1921,"children":1922},{},[1923],{"type":33,"value":1924},"It is part of your operating process.",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1926,"children":1927},{},[1928],{"type":33,"value":1929},"And it needs to be engineered that way.",{"type":28,"tag":80,"props":1931,"children":1933},{"id":1932},"faqs",[1934],{"type":33,"value":1935},"FAQs",{"type":28,"tag":190,"props":1937,"children":1939},{"id":1938},"why-do-ai-agents-require-software-developers",[1940],{"type":33,"value":1941},"Why do AI agents require software developers?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1943,"children":1944},{},[1945],{"type":33,"value":1946},"An AI model can interpret information and suggest actions, but developers must connect it to business systems, enforce permissions, implement rules, manage workflow state, design user interactions, handle failures, create audit trails, and test the complete product.",{"type":28,"tag":190,"props":1948,"children":1950},{"id":1949},"is-an-ai-agent-the-same-as-a-chatbot",[1951],{"type":33,"value":1952},"Is an AI agent the same as a chatbot?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1954,"children":1955},{},[1956],{"type":33,"value":1957},"No. A chatbot primarily generates conversational responses. An agent can use tools and take actions in other software systems. That added authority creates requirements for authentication, authorization, testing, monitoring, human review, and recovery.",{"type":28,"tag":190,"props":1959,"children":1961},{"id":1960},"what-is-the-hardest-part-of-enterprise-ai-integration",[1962],{"type":33,"value":1963},"What is the hardest part of enterprise AI integration?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1965,"children":1966},{},[1967],{"type":33,"value":1968},"The hardest part is often the software around the model. The agent must work with existing applications, inconsistent data, permissions, business rules, exceptions, and people. Those integration and product-design challenges are specific to each organization.",{"type":28,"tag":190,"props":1970,"children":1972},{"id":1971},"can-an-off-the-shelf-ai-platform-replace-custom-development",[1973],{"type":33,"value":1974},"Can an off-the-shelf AI platform replace custom development?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1976,"children":1977},{},[1978],{"type":33,"value":1979},"An AI platform may provide models, agent frameworks, or connectors, but organizations still need to integrate those components with their architecture, data, permissions, workflows, and governance requirements. Custom development is often necessary to make the resulting system fit the business.",{"type":28,"tag":190,"props":1981,"children":1983},{"id":1982},"which-decisions-should-be-handled-by-conventional-software",[1984],{"type":33,"value":1985},"Which decisions should be handled by conventional software?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1987,"children":1988},{},[1989],{"type":33,"value":1990},"Exact calculations, eligibility requirements, monetary thresholds, permission checks, required fields, state transitions, and other rules that must behave consistently are usually better enforced with deterministic software. AI is more useful for interpreting or synthesizing less structured information.",{"type":28,"tag":190,"props":1992,"children":1994},{"id":1993},"when-should-an-ai-agent-require-human-approval",[1995],{"type":33,"value":1996},"When should an AI agent require human approval?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":1998,"children":1999},{},[2000],{"type":33,"value":2001},"Approval should generally remain mandatory for consequential, irreversible, unusual, low-confidence, or policy-exception actions. The reviewer should receive the evidence, applicable rules, uncertainties, and expected effects needed to make a meaningful decision.",{"type":28,"tag":190,"props":2003,"children":2005},{"id":2004},"how-should-an-ai-agent-be-tested",[2006],{"type":33,"value":2007},"How should an AI agent be tested?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":2009,"children":2010},{},[2011],{"type":33,"value":2012},"Test the complete workflow, including model behavior, data retrieval, tool selection, API integrations, permissions, business rules, adversarial inputs, timeouts, duplicate prevention, approval steps, audit logging, and recovery from partial failures.",{"type":28,"tag":190,"props":2014,"children":2016},{"id":2015},"what-is-a-good-first-ai-agent-project",[2017],{"type":33,"value":2018},"What is a good first AI-agent project?",{"type":28,"tag":29,"props":2020,"children":2021},{},[2022],{"type":33,"value":2023},"Start with a bounded, repetitive workflow that has a clear owner, accessible data, explicit rules, manageable consequences, and a measurable baseline. The first project should demonstrate a business result, not merely that the organization can deploy an agent.",{"title":8,"searchDepth":2025,"depth":2025,"links":2026},3,[2027,2028,2029,2035,2036,2037,2038,2039,2040,2041,2042,2043,2044,2045,2046,2047,2048,2049],{"id":82,"depth":2025,"text":85},{"id":134,"depth":2025,"text":137},{"id":175,"depth":2025,"text":178,"children":2030},[2031,2033,2034],{"id":192,"depth":2032,"text":195},4,{"id":218,"depth":2032,"text":221},{"id":254,"depth":2032,"text":257},{"id":285,"depth":2025,"text":288},{"id":420,"depth":2025,"text":423},{"id":534,"depth":2025,"text":537},{"id":691,"depth":2025,"text":694},{"id":803,"depth":2025,"text":806},{"id":927,"depth":2025,"text":930},{"id":1076,"depth":2025,"text":1079},{"id":1224,"depth":2025,"text":1227},{"id":1323,"depth":2025,"text":1326},{"id":1437,"depth":2025,"text":1440},{"id":1536,"depth":2025,"text":1539},{"id":1635,"depth":2025,"text":1638},{"id":1729,"depth":2025,"text":1732},{"id":1846,"depth":2025,"text":1849},{"id":1932,"depth":2025,"text":1935,"children":2050},[2051,2052,2053,2054,2055,2056,2057,2058],{"id":1938,"depth":2032,"text":1941},{"id":1949,"depth":2032,"text":1952},{"id":1960,"depth":2032,"text":1963},{"id":1971,"depth":2032,"text":1974},{"id":1982,"depth":2032,"text":1985},{"id":1993,"depth":2032,"text":1996},{"id":2004,"depth":2032,"text":2007},{"id":2015,"depth":2032,"text":2018},"markdown","content:cperez:2026-07-23:why-ai-agents-need-software-developers.md","content","cperez/2026-07-23/why-ai-agents-need-software-developers.md","cperez/2026-07-23/why-ai-agents-need-software-developers","md",[2066,2079,2088,2101,2116,2127,2135,2145,2156,2165,2177,2188,2199,2208,2218,2229,2242,2253,2262,2272,2280,2287,2296,2304,2313,2323,2333,2342,2351,2359,2370,2378,2386,2395,2403,2413,2421,2429,2437,2445,2453,2461,2469,2479,2487,2497,2505,2515,2525,2536,2546,2556,2570,2581,2591,2601,2612,2624,2634,2647,2650,2661,2671,2684,2693,2703,2713,2723,2735,2747,2761,2775,2790,2798,2806,2815,2824,2833,2842,2851,2860,2869,2878,2887,2898,2911,2921,2929,2937,2945,2953,2965,2977,2987,2996,3005,3015,3024,3034,3043],{"_path":2067,"title":2068,"description":2069,"image":2070,"publishDate":2071,"tags":2072,"_id":2075,"author":2076},"/alalande/2023-1/escaping_text","Thinking Like a Programmer: Escaping Text","In this progressive and vivid explanation, we explore the HOW and WHY of quoting, nesting, and escaping text.","/alalande/2023-1/img/header.png","2024-02-15",[2073,2074],"series","educational","content:alalande:2023-1:escaping_text.md",{"user":2077,"name":2078},"alalande","Anthony Lalande",{"_path":2080,"title":2081,"description":2082,"image":2083,"publishDate":2084,"tags":2085,"_id":2086,"author":2087},"/alalande/2023-2/heuristics","Thinking Like a Programmer: Heuristics","We want to help you turbo-charge your decision making.","/alalande/2023-2/img/heuristics.png","2024-03-15",[2073,2074],"content:alalande:2023-2:heuristics.md",{"user":2077,"name":2078},{"_path":2089,"title":2090,"description":2091,"tags":2092,"publishDate":2095,"image":2096,"_id":2097,"author":2098},"/areichert/2023-10/rapid-testing-techniques-for-web-and-mobile","Rapid Testing Techniques for Web & Mobile Apps","Testing rapidly or the need to test quickly under shortened execution cycles is not new. Rapid testing has been around for as long as software testing has existed but increases when a product release is imminent, strained, or behind schedule. There are many reasons development gets behind schedule. Similar to testing, development is prone to surprise requirements changes and increases in scope and complexity.",[2093,2094],"software-testing","qa","2024-06-01","/areichert/2023-10/img/rapid_testing.png","content:areichert:2023-10:Rapid Testing techniques for web and mobile.md",{"user":2099,"name":2100},"areichert","Amy Reichert",{"_path":2102,"title":2103,"description":2104,"image":2105,"publishDate":2106,"tags":2107,"_id":2112,"author":2113},"/asherbrooke/2020-4/watchwah","Bringing an Idea to Life: WatchWah Proof of Concept","\"Wouldn't it be cool if...\"","/asherbrooke/2020-4/img/Guitar_and_Watch.jpeg","2020-04-01",[2108,2109,2110,2111],"ios","apple","watch","juce","content:asherbrooke:2020-4:watchwah.md",{"user":2114,"name":2115},"asherbrooke","Andrew Sherbrooke",{"_path":2117,"title":2118,"description":2119,"publishDate":2120,"tags":2121,"_id":2123,"author":2124},"/avogan/2012-07/salt","What Your Users Don't Know (Part 1)","What's wrong with this code?","2012-07-13",[2122,22,2073],"cryptography","content:avogan:2012-07:salt.md",{"user":2125,"name":2126},"avogan","Andrew Vogan",{"_path":2128,"title":2129,"description":2130,"publishDate":2131,"tags":2132,"_id":2133,"author":2134},"/avogan/2012-07/salt-2","What Your Users Don't Know (Part 2)","In my last post we saw that what your users don't know can hurt them. In other words, how securely you handle your users' private data behind the scenes can have profound implications both for your business and your users' well being. To put it bluntly, it's bad for your business to be publicly shamed over your handling of sensitive data, and it's bad for your users to have their bank accounts pilfered -- those being some of the worse case scenarios.","2012-07-26",[2122,22,2073],"content:avogan:2012-07:salt-2.md",{"user":2125,"name":2126},{"_path":2136,"title":2137,"description":2138,"publishDate":2139,"image":2140,"_id":2141,"author":2142},"/bporter/2012-5/cd_player","My First CD Player","I started college right about the time when the first CD players were coming onto the market -- there weren't many available, and they were all obscenely expensive. At the time, my dad was dong a lot of traveling to Japan for business, and he was able to bring me a really nice Yamaha CD player back from a shop in Akihabara for about 1/4th of what a similar unit would have cost me here in the US.","2012-05-01","/bporter/2012-5/img/cd_player.jpg","content:bporter:2012-5:cd_player.md",{"user":2143,"name":2144},"bporter","Brett Porter",{"_path":2146,"title":2147,"description":2148,"publishDate":2149,"tags":2150,"image":2153,"_id":2154,"author":2155},"/bporter/2012-5/improtech","ImproTech Paris-New York 2012","Last week, I took a vacation day to attend one day of workshops at NYU as part of ImproTech 2012 Paris-New York That website descibes the event as:","2012-05-24",[2151,2152],"improvisation","music","/bporter/2012-5/img/affichemartin.jpg","content:bporter:2012-5:improtech.md",{"user":2143,"name":2144},{"_path":2157,"title":2158,"description":2159,"publishDate":2160,"tags":2161,"_id":2163,"author":2164},"/bporter/2012-5/learntocode","Yes, Do Learn To Code!","My usual pre-work routine is to walk the dog (working at home, this is my counterpart to a commute), pour my first cup of coffee, and then curl up for a little while with Google Reader. I don't know if it's because I've selected feeds that are too closely aligned with my values and personal agenda, but it's really rare that I'll read a post that is just so wrong that it makes me angry. Jeff Atwood wrote a post like that: Please Don't Learn To Code","2012-05-15",[2162],"learn-to-code","content:bporter:2012-5:learntocode.md",{"user":2143,"name":2144},{"_path":2166,"title":2167,"description":2168,"publishDate":2169,"tags":2170,"image":2174,"_id":2175,"author":2176},"/bporter/2012-6/dsl","Watch Your Language","Interesting to see a theme emerge in my Pinboard account this week -- lots of stuff about the idea of 'programming language'. I've spent the last few weeks preparing to dive back into a personal interactive music project that I've been working on sporadically since I was in graduate school. I had recently realized that the conceptual roadblock I hit before my last hiatus was something that I'd need to address by adding some sort of little programming language into the system. After following Martin Fowler's many blog posts over the years discussing domain specific languages, I finally broke down and bought his book on the topic. It's too early yet for me to have much concrete to say about the book, but I remember getting enough out of those blog posts to be confident that it will be worth the money and time to read.","2012-06-29",[2171,2172,2173],"dsl","erlang","go","/bporter/2012-6/img/dsl.jpg","content:bporter:2012-6:dsl.md",{"user":2143,"name":2144},{"_path":2178,"title":2179,"description":2180,"image":2181,"publishDate":2182,"tags":2183,"_id":2186,"author":2187},"/bporter/2019-3/animator","Friz: A flexible animation controller for JUCE","As is often the case, I found myself working on a personal project and had some UI elements that really wanted to have some life to them on the screen.","/bporter/2019-3/img/animator.png","2019-03-01",[2111,2184,2185],"ui","c++","content:bporter:2019-3:animator.md",{"user":2143,"name":2144},{"_path":2189,"title":2190,"description":2191,"image":2192,"publishDate":2193,"tags":2194,"_id":2197,"author":2198},"/bporter/2019-4/aesannounce","Art+Logic In the Real World","There are a few events coming up in the next few weeks where A+L will have people in attendance. If you're going to be there or nearby, please get in touch and we'll meet up.","/bporter/2019-4/img/aesLogo.jpg","2019-04-01",[2195,2196],"a+l","event","content:bporter:2019-4:aesAnnounce.md",{"user":2143,"name":2144},{"_path":2200,"title":2201,"description":2202,"image":2203,"publishDate":2204,"tags":2205,"_id":2206,"author":2207},"/bporter/2020-10/reanimated","Re-animated","Last year, I posted here about an animation control framework called 'Friz' that works within the JUCE Application Framework.","/bporter/2020-10/img/module.png","2020-10-01",[2111,2184,2185],"content:bporter:2020-10:reanimated.md",{"user":2143,"name":2144},{"_path":2209,"title":2210,"description":2211,"image":2212,"publishDate":2182,"tags":2213,"_id":2214,"author":2215},"/bstevens/2019-3","Coding the Impossible","As you can see on the Art+Logic website, our slogan is Coding the \"impossible.\"®","/bstevens/2019-3/img/impossible.png",[2195],"content:bstevens:2019-3:index.md",{"user":2216,"name":2217},"bstevens","Ben Stevens",{"_path":2219,"title":2220,"description":2221,"publishDate":2222,"tags":2223,"_id":2225,"author":2226},"/ckeefer/2013-1/misc","JS Hints & Shortcuts","During the course of any complex project (and even many simple ones), on the way to accomplish the actual goal, you're certain to encounter any number of small hurdles along the way - little problems which need to be resolved for the bigger picture to come into focus.","2013-09-01",[2224],"js","content:ckeefer:2013-1:misc.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},"ckeefer","Christopher Keefer",{"_path":2230,"title":2231,"description":2232,"publishDate":2233,"tags":2234,"image":2239,"_id":2240,"author":2241},"/ckeefer/2013-2/xslt","XML and XSLT","Not terribly long ago, XML was the darling of the web. HTML4 was reformulated as XHTML 1.0, SOAP messages were XML, and let us not forget XMLHttpRequest.","2013-10-08",[2235,2236,2237,2238],"data-formats","xml","xsl","xslt","/ckeefer/2013-2/img/xslt-processing.png","content:ckeefer:2013-2:xslt.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2243,"title":2244,"description":2245,"publishDate":2246,"tags":2247,"image":2250,"_id":2251,"author":2252},"/ckeefer/2013-3/ajax-upload","Ajax Upload Part I: Framed (and jQuery Deferred)","Inevitably, people want their files on the Internet. If your project is about cute cats, someone will task you with allowing users to upload photos of their cats, videos of their cats, long rambling audio clips in which they attempt to convince their cat to stop attacking the microphone, etcetera. If your project is about the nature and proclivities of mold, someone, somewhere will want to share detailed photographic evidence of their mold problem. The need to upload files is a given.","2013-03-20",[2224,2248,2249],"jquery","html5","/ckeefer/2013-3/img/upframe.jpg","content:ckeefer:2013-3:ajax-upload.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2254,"title":2255,"description":2256,"publishDate":2257,"tags":2258,"_id":2260,"author":2261},"/ckeefer/2013-4/teaching-programming","Can (and Should) Everyone Learn to Program?","Fair warning: The following article is long, rambly, and contains no code. It does, however, contain some rumination on the idea that everyone can and should learn to program.","2013-12-03",[2259],"programming","content:ckeefer:2013-4:teaching-programming.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2263,"title":2264,"description":2265,"publishDate":2266,"tags":2267,"image":2269,"_id":2270,"author":2271},"/ckeefer/2013-5/ajax-uploader","Ajax Upload XHR2, Take 2","It's a pleasure to be able to interact with files in the browser at long last, isn't it? Reading files in without needing to bounce them against the server first opens up a lot of possibilities - and getting progress from a chunked ajax upload is miles away from the indeterminate form uploads of days past.","2014-02-19",[2248,2224,2268],"xhr2","/ckeefer/2013-5/img/html5.jpg","content:ckeefer:2013-5:ajax-uploader.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2273,"title":2274,"description":2275,"publishDate":2276,"tags":2277,"_id":2278,"author":2279},"/ckeefer/2013-07/anchors-hash","Anchors, Hash Sign, javascript:void(0)","So, you've got a link that, in reality, is just a click target for performing some javascript function. You want the appearance of a standard anchor link, but if it's not performing the intended function, should it really be an anchor? And if so, what should we fill that 'href' attribute in with?","2013-07-29",[2224],"content:ckeefer:2013-07:anchors-hash.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2281,"title":2282,"description":2283,"publishDate":2284,"_id":2285,"author":2286},"/ckeefer/2013-07/static-vmware-host","Static Hosting with VMWare","Virtualization is one of the many benefits of the excess (metaphorical) horsepower available to us with modern hardware. Need to test against (Windows XP/7/8/NT || Fedora || Mint || Ubuntu || FreeBSD || MacOSX || etc)? Fire up the VM. Need a Linux environment for the packages your server relies on, but need to test in the iPad simulator? VM's to the rescue.","2013-07-26","content:ckeefer:2013-07:static-vmware-host.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2288,"title":2289,"description":2290,"publishDate":2291,"tags":2292,"_id":2294,"author":2295},"/ckeefer/2013-08/fullproof-fulltext-search","Client-side Fulltext Searching with Fullproof","Recently, I was engaged in a genial argument with a friend of an older generation, each of us taking an opposing stance on some obscure trivia neither of us was entirely certain about - but which we were both ready to defend with all the wit and rhetoric at our disposal. When we had finally exhausted all attempts to make the other budge on the matter, we turned to an authoritative 3rd-party source to lay the matter to rest for us - a Google search.","2013-08-29",[2293,2238],"search","content:ckeefer:2013-08:fullproof-fulltext-search.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2297,"title":2298,"description":2299,"publishDate":2300,"tags":2301,"_id":2302,"author":2303},"/ckeefer/2013-11/jquery-ajax-blobs","jQuery Ajax Blobs and Array Buffers","A big part of what makes jQuery a regular part of so many web projects is the clean interface it offers us for a number of sometimes messy built-in aspects of javascript. The most obvious is the DOM interface; and in second place, jquery ajax and its various shorthand methods. Abstracting away the difference between ActiveXObject and XMLHttpRequest is one of the most obvious benefits - but even if you don't need to worry about supporting old versions of IE, you might well enjoy the clean, object-based, promise-returning interface that jquery ajax offers.","2013-11-21",[2224,2248],"content:ckeefer:2013-11:jquery-ajax-blobs.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2305,"title":2306,"description":2307,"publishDate":2308,"tags":2309,"_id":2311,"author":2312},"/ckeefer/2013-12/deploying-with-git","Deploying Websites with Git","Deploying your webapp is an important part of the web development equation - your client's site isn't going to attract a lot of attention sitting in your local dev directory. Deployment concerns tend to fall to the bottom of the priority list, though, and the end result tends to be kludgy, hastily thrown-together deployment scripts; and because they are so kludgy and, often, time consuming, when time crunches threaten, a developer may resort to making changes directly on the remote server that need to be (but sometimes never are) backported to the code living in your version control.","2013-12-23",[2310],"git","content:ckeefer:2013-12:deploying-with-git.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2314,"title":2315,"description":2316,"publishDate":2317,"tags":2318,"image":2320,"_id":2321,"author":2322},"/ckeefer/2014-1/still-using-php","Still Using PHP?","Poor PHP. It's so lonely and unloved these days.","2014-01-29",[2319],"php","/ckeefer/2014-1/img/php.jpg","content:ckeefer:2014-1:still-using-php.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2324,"title":2325,"description":2326,"publishDate":2327,"tags":2328,"image":2330,"_id":2331,"author":2332},"/ckeefer/2014-2/ajax-upload-2","Ajax Upload Part II: XHR2 (and FileReader)","So, the client has told you their users should be able to upload their drunken party pictures for all the internet to see. \"We want the very best experience possible,\" they tell you. \"Simple, seamless - maybe using that new html5 thing I've heard so much about.\"","2013-04-09",[2224,2329],"xmlhttprequest","/ckeefer/2014-2/img/html5.jpg","content:ckeefer:2014-2:ajax-upload-2.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2334,"title":2335,"description":2336,"publishDate":2337,"tags":2338,"_id":2340,"author":2341},"/ckeefer/2014-3/customgmapsinfowindow","Custom Google Maps Info Windows","When it comes time to relate the ephemeral world of data to the physical world, Maps are key in both enterprise and consumer applications. Whatever else you might think of it, Google Maps tends to be the default option - certainly, its the only one I've ever had clients ask for by name.","2014-02-26",[2224,2339],"google-maps","content:ckeefer:2014-3:customgmapsinfowindow.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2343,"title":2344,"description":2345,"publishDate":2346,"tags":2347,"_id":2349,"author":2350},"/ckeefer/2014-4/hidden-options","Hidden Options: A Workaround","Here's the situation: You've got a select. Maybe a whole bunch of selects, with a ton of options each (metric ton - let's keep our imaginary hyperbolic units straight here); and these are meant to be complex interactive elements, with options made visible or not as some programmatic condition dictates.","2014-04-23",[2348,2224,2248],"how-to","content:ckeefer:2014-4:hidden-options.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2352,"title":2353,"description":2354,"publishDate":2355,"tags":2356,"_id":2357,"author":2358},"/ckeefer/2014-5/cgwin2","Custom Google Info Windows: Updated, Live","April 30, 2014 at 3:22 am Remy says:","2014-05-09",[2224,2339],"content:ckeefer:2014-5:cgwin2.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2360,"title":2361,"description":2362,"publishDate":2363,"tags":2364,"image":2367,"_id":2368,"author":2369},"/ckeefer/2014-6/backbonesocketsync","Websockets for Backbone","Backbone's had some of its thunder stolen lately by trendier frameworks like Meteor and Angular; for good reason, in most cases, as without the prosthetic functionality offered by the likes of Marionette, Backbone's view handling (amongst a few other lacks and warts) is really just 'roughed in'.","2014-06-25",[2224,2365,2366],"websockets","backbone","/ckeefer/2014-6/img/WebsocketsPlusBackbone.png","content:ckeefer:2014-6:backbonesocketsync.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2371,"title":2372,"description":2373,"publishDate":2374,"tags":2375,"_id":2376,"author":2377},"/ckeefer/2014-7/promises","It's a (jQuery-style) Promise","Way back when I brought up the topic of promises (particularly, jQuery Deferred), and I promised we would come back to the topic someday.","2014-10-16",[2224,2248],"content:ckeefer:2014-7:promises.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2379,"title":2380,"description":2381,"publishDate":2382,"tags":2383,"_id":2384,"author":2385},"/ckeefer/2014-8/behold-views","Behold! (JavaScript Views)","JavaScript has the propensity to be very untidy - if you let it, it will sprawl all over the place. Hundreds of global variables scattered across dozens of files, messy half-measures towards object-orientation, mixed in seemingly at random with ungrouped functions - anyone who's had a client bring them a failed project from some other development team knows just how bad it can get.","2015-01-07",[2224],"content:ckeefer:2014-8:behold-views.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2387,"title":2388,"description":2389,"publishDate":2390,"tags":2391,"image":2392,"_id":2393,"author":2394},"/ckeefer/2015-1/writeonce","Write Once, Debug Everywhere","It's pretty seldom that anyone mentions web pages these days, other than in historical reference to days long gone by (yes, a whole few years ago). Web sites, sure, but not if what is really wanted is to replace something that, not so long ago, would have been some native code for a smartphone (or a little further back still, a desktop computer). Generally speaking, the most common term tripping from client's lips these days is 'web applications' - or webapps, because who has time for spaces and proper spelling, amirite?","2015-02-02",[2224],"/ckeefer/2015-1/img/html5java.jpg","content:ckeefer:2015-1:writeonce.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2396,"title":2397,"description":2398,"publishDate":2399,"tags":2400,"_id":2401,"author":2402},"/ckeefer/2015-2/js-frameworks","The What and Why of Javascript Frameworks","JavaScript has the propensity to be very untidy if you let it be. This isn't a problem unique to JavaScript, of course - many other languages suffer from a lack of native organization, especially for specific tasks.","2015-05-29",[2224],"content:ckeefer:2015-2:js-frameworks.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2404,"title":2405,"description":2406,"publishDate":2407,"tags":2408,"_id":2411,"author":2412},"/ckeefer/2015-3/emailvalidation","Email Validation with Django and python-social-auth","When it comes to user accounts, the standard litmus test is email validation. Besides the immediate benefits - of offering us a straightforward unique identifier for users, and making it more difficult to automate creating a mass of accounts on our service - by requiring that each account have an email address and interact therewith to confirm the addresses validity, it also offers us the chance to associate a known-working email account with a user account. This is important for transactional emails such as password resets or for potential two-factor authentication use... and if you're a little less ethical, for sending marketing desirable and informative emails about interesting products and services.","2015-07-23",[2409,2410],"python","django","content:ckeefer:2015-3:EmailValidation.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2414,"title":2415,"description":2416,"publishDate":2417,"tags":2418,"_id":2419,"author":2420},"/ckeefer/2015-5/file-reader-chunking","FileReader Chunking and Base64 DataURLs","In a hurry? You can now use our HUp jquery plugin to read files in a chunked fashion as data URLs. Hooray!","2015-12-15",[2224,2248],"content:ckeefer:2015-5:file-reader-chunking.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2422,"title":2423,"description":2424,"publishDate":2425,"tags":2426,"_id":2427,"author":2428},"/ckeefer/2016-1/ajaxbinarycaching","Caching Binary Data With jQuery Ajax and IndexedDB","After long, grueling months (years? or does it only feel like years?), your web application nears completion. It is tightly coded, well documented, works across all modern browsers, and is well received by your beta testers. It's nearly time to go live, and a smile of pure relief plays upon your lips... and freezes into a rictus grin when your client turns to you, and asks, \"so, hey, can we speed up the dynamic cat pic loading? Especially when I close the browser and come back to it later. I think that's really key to the whole application.\"","2016-04-25",[2224,2248],"content:ckeefer:2016-1:ajaxBinaryCaching.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2430,"title":2431,"description":2432,"publishDate":2433,"tags":2434,"_id":2435,"author":2436},"/ckeefer/2016-2/paymentprocessing","Payment Processing with Braintree","You've built the web application of the century, and the users have rightly flooded to it. Cat pictures for everyone!","2016-05-11",[2410,2224,2248,2409],"content:ckeefer:2016-2:paymentprocessing.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2438,"title":2439,"description":2440,"publishDate":2441,"tags":2442,"_id":2443,"author":2444},"/ckeefer/2016-3/djangochannels1","Django Channels: From the Ground Up - Part 1","You stare mournfully into the mass of code you've inherited. At some point, it's clear, the requirements called for the server to push information to the client, because there's an unholy mix of Server-Side Events, long-polling, hidden iframes and even a Java applet in there, all supporting some level of long-term connectivity with the server. It's almost fascinating in its barely functional hideousness, and you would be inclined to leave well enough alone... except for the new feature specifications you've been assigned, which require the client to be able to send data back to the server in response to the received events, in as close to real-time as you can get.","2016-06-13",[2410,2409,2365],"content:ckeefer:2016-3:djangoChannels1.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2446,"title":2447,"description":2448,"publishDate":2449,"tags":2450,"_id":2451,"author":2452},"/ckeefer/2016-4/djangochannels2","Django Channels: From the Ground Up - Part 2","Last time, we decided to embark on a brave new adventure and give our Django framework a big upgrade with the inclusion of Django Channels. We got just far enough to get the development server running, but while this may be an adequate start, it's better to develop against something like what we intend to deploy, right?","2016-06-15",[2410,2409,2365],"content:ckeefer:2016-4:djangochannels2.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2454,"title":2455,"description":2456,"publishDate":2457,"tags":2458,"_id":2459,"author":2460},"/ckeefer/2016-6/gofetch1","Go Fetch! (JavaScript Fetch API)","Long ago, we briefly brushed upon the topic of what has made jQuery such a valuable part of the web developer's toolset for such a long time - namely, a cleaner interface for interacting with the DOM, and the $.ajax abstraction over XMLHttpRequest.","2016-10-03",[2224,2248,2073],"content:ckeefer:2016-6:goFetch1.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2462,"title":2463,"description":2464,"publishDate":2465,"tags":2466,"_id":2467,"author":2468},"/ckeefer/2016-7/gofetch2","Go Fetch 2! (JavaScript Fetch API)","Last time we discussed the Fetch API in general, taking a look at how it differed from the XMLHttpRequest API, and some of its advantages. Today, we're going to take a look at a little library that you can include in your projects today that offers you localStorage caching for the Fetch API.","2016-10-10",[2224,2248,2073],"content:ckeefer:2016-7:goFetch2.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2470,"title":2471,"description":2472,"publishDate":2473,"tags":2474,"_id":2477,"author":2478},"/ckeefer/2016-8/herokupdf","Generating PDFs: wkhtmltopdf & Heroku","So, it has come to this.","2016-12-21",[2475,2476,2409],"heroku","pdf","content:ckeefer:2016-8:HerokuPDF.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2480,"title":2481,"description":2482,"publishDate":2483,"tags":2484,"_id":2485,"author":2486},"/ckeefer/2017-1/downloadingclientsidecontent","Downloading Client-side Generated Content","A young developer, new to the Tao of the client-side, comes to a Master of the way, and speaks thusly: \"Oh Master, our application nears completion; and lo, cat pics can be drawn upon, and captions fixated thereto, for the creation of humour and the bounteous enjoyment of our users.\"","2017-02-06",[2224],"content:ckeefer:2017-1:downloadingclientsidecontent.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2488,"title":2489,"description":2490,"publishDate":2491,"tags":2492,"_id":2495,"author":2496},"/ckeefer/2017-2/morepwatoya-part1","More PWA to Ya! (Progressive Web Apps, Part 1)","It's project kickoff time, and you're having a conversation with your client about what form the application will take:","2017-02-01",[2493,2494,2073],"pwa","mobile","content:ckeefer:2017-2:MorePWAToYa-Part1.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2498,"title":2499,"description":2500,"tags":2501,"publishDate":2502,"_id":2503,"author":2504},"/ckeefer/2017-3/morepwatoya-part2","More PWA to Ya! (Progressive Web Apps, Part 2)","Last time, we got into the nitty gritty on how to make your web application into a Progressive Web Application (PWA to it's friends). I promised we'd dig even deeper this time, and show you how to make your web app a little more 'native' on Android - and how to deal with iOS Safari's special snowflake syndrome.",[2494,2493,2073],"2017-03-01","content:ckeefer:2017-3:MorePWAToYa-Part2.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2506,"title":2507,"description":2508,"image":2509,"publishDate":2510,"tags":2511,"_id":2513,"author":2514},"/ckeefer/2019-1/unlockingwebaudio","Unlocking Web Audio","\"It's going to be the coolest thing ever.\"","/ckeefer/2019-1/img/featured_image.jpg","2019-01-01",[2224,2512],"audio","content:ckeefer:2019-1:UnlockingWebAudio.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2516,"title":2517,"description":2518,"publishDate":2519,"image":2520,"tags":2521,"_id":2523,"author":2524},"/ckeefer/2020-1/why-vue","Why Vue","Why choose Vue over any other front-end framework?","2020-01-01","/ckeefer/2020-1/img/vue-wall.jpg",[2224,2522],"vue","content:ckeefer:2020-1:Why Vue.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2526,"title":2527,"description":2528,"tags":2529,"image":2532,"publishDate":2533,"_id":2534,"author":2535},"/ckeefer/2024-3/e2e_testing","E2E Testing: To What End?","Friend, can we agree that tests are a good idea? I won't scorn you for sometimes omitting them - time and budget constraints are what they are, and even the best intentioned of us sometimes have to just give our projects a lick and a promise. \"Proper test coverage soon\", you sweetly croon as you rock it to sleep, the knowledge that you're telling a dark, terrible lie twisting you up inside. Maybe you could just scrape enough budget together for some simple unit tests? Then, at least, you'd have \"tests\", right?",[2094,2093,2530,2531],"e2e","playwright","/ckeefer/2024-3/img/E2E_Testing_2024.png","2024-06-15","content:ckeefer:2024-3:e2e_testing.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2537,"title":2538,"description":2539,"tags":2540,"image":2542,"publishDate":2543,"_id":2544,"author":2545},"/ckeefer/2024-7/vpubsub","Vue 3 Pub / Sub: All aboard the (event) bus","We like Vue at A+L. We think it's one of the best frontend frameworks, and a great choice pretty much anywhere you might otherwise be tempted to use React.",[2224,2522,2541],"pub/sub","/ckeefer/2024-7/img/event_bus.png","2024-08-15","content:ckeefer:2024-7:VPubSub.md",{"user":2227,"name":2228},{"_path":2547,"title":2548,"description":2549,"publishDate":2550,"tags":2551,"_id":2552,"author":2553},"/cmacksey/2012-5/php-musings","PHP Musings","Ran into an interesting, but thorough, rant the other day - PHP: A Fractal of Bad Design. The part that grabbed me the most was the analogy at the beginning, which was all too perfect:","2012-05-07",[2319],"content:cmacksey:2012-5:php-musings.md",{"user":2554,"name":2555},"cmacksey","Chris Macksey",{"_path":2557,"title":2558,"description":2559,"publishDate":2560,"image":2561,"author":2562,"tags":2563,"_id":2569},"/cperez/2026-06-17/xamarin-to-maui","Migrating a Xamarin Medical Application to .NET MAUI","A widely used medical reference application built with Xamarin had become increasingly difficult to maintain as platform support deadlines approached. The client needed to modernize the application before operating system changes and framework deprecations created larger compatibility risks.","2026-06-22","/cperez/2026-06-17/img/xamarin-to-maui.png",{"name":13,"user":14},[2564,2565,2566,2567,2568,2494],"legacy modernization","xamarin",".net","maui","app migration","content:cperez:2026-06-17:xamarin-to-maui.md",{"_path":2571,"title":2572,"description":2573,"publishDate":2574,"image":2575,"author":2576,"tags":2577,"_id":2580},"/cperez/2026-06-25/ai_makes_modernization_feasible","How AI-Assisted Legacy Modernization Reduces Cost, Risk, and Project Timelines","Many organizations know they need to modernize their legacy applications. They also know why they haven't.","2026-06-25","/cperez/2026-06-25/img/ai_makes_modernization_feasible.png",{"name":13,"user":14},[2564,2578,16,2579],"tech debt","legacy migration","content:cperez:2026-06-25:ai_makes_modernization_feasible.md",{"_path":2582,"title":2583,"description":2584,"publishDate":2585,"image":2586,"author":2587,"tags":2588,"_id":2590},"/cperez/2026-06-30/how-ceos-should-evaluate-ai-investments","How Should CEOs Evaluate AI Investments?","CEOs should evaluate AI investments by asking whether the investment improves a measurable business outcome, changes a real workflow, keeps humans appropriately involved, has a realistic path to production, and creates value that outweighs cost and risk.","2026-06-30","/cperez/2026-06-30/img/how-ceos-should-evaluate-ai-investments.jpg",{"name":13,"user":14},[20,18,17,16,2589],"software development","content:cperez:2026-06-30:how-ceos-should-evaluate-ai-investments.md",{"_path":2592,"title":2593,"description":2594,"publishDate":2595,"image":2596,"author":2597,"tags":2598,"_id":2600},"/cperez/2026-07-02/hidden-costs-of-legacy-software","What Are the Hidden Costs of Legacy Software?","Legacy software is rarely “bad” software.","2026-07-02","/cperez/2026-07-02/img/hidden-costs-of-legacy-software.jpg",{"name":13,"user":14},[2564,2599],"legacy software","content:cperez:2026-07-02:hidden-costs-of-legacy-software.md",{"_path":2602,"title":2603,"description":2604,"publishDate":2605,"image":2606,"author":2607,"tags":2608,"_id":2611},"/cperez/2026-07-07/why-ai-projects-fail","Why Do Most AI Projects Fail?","AI projects rarely fail because the model was not powerful enough.","2026-07-07","/cperez/2026-07-07/img/why-ai-projects-fail.jpg",{"name":13,"user":14},[16,2609,2589,2610],"ethics","vibe coding","content:cperez:2026-07-07:why-ai-projects-fail.md",{"_path":2613,"title":2614,"description":2615,"publishDate":2616,"image":2617,"author":2618,"tags":2619,"_id":2623},"/cperez/2026-07-09/5-rs-application-modernization-legacy-software","Art+Logic’s 5 Rs of Application Modernization: How to Choose the Right Path for Legacy Software","Legacy software creates a strange kind of tension.","2026-07-09","/cperez/2026-07-09/img/5-rs-application-modernization-legacy-software.jpg",{"name":13,"user":14},[2620,2621,16,2622],"5-rs","legacy","application modernization","content:cperez:2026-07-09:5-rs-application-modernization-legacy-software.md",{"_path":2625,"title":2626,"description":2627,"publishDate":2628,"image":2629,"author":2630,"tags":2631,"_id":2633},"/cperez/2026-07-16/rebuild-vs-modernize-software-cfo-guide","Rebuild or Modernize? A Guide to Making the Right Software Investment","Every aging software system eventually reaches a financial decision point.","2026-07-16","/cperez/2026-07-16/img/rebuild-vs-modernize-software-cfo-guide.jpg",{"name":13,"user":14},[2632,2579,2578,2622,2599],"modernization","content:cperez:2026-07-16:rebuild-vs-modernize-software-cfo-guide.md",{"_path":2635,"title":2636,"description":2637,"publishDate":2638,"image":2639,"author":2640,"tags":2641,"_id":2646},"/cperez/2026-07-21/building-digital-health-platforms-beyond-samd","Beyond SaMD: Building a Digital Health Platform That Can Evolve","A medical application can work exactly as designed and still fall short of what the organization needs next.","2026-07-21","/cperez/2026-07-21/img/building-digital-health-platforms-beyond-samd.jpg",{"name":13,"user":14},[2642,2621,2632,2643,2644,2565,2645],"samd","biomedical","healthcare",".net maui","content:cperez:2026-07-21:building-digital-health-platforms-beyond-samd.md",{"_path":5,"title":9,"description":10,"publishDate":6,"image":11,"author":2648,"tags":2649,"_id":2060},{"name":13,"user":14},[16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23],{"_path":2651,"title":2652,"description":2653,"publishDate":2654,"tags":2655,"_id":2657,"author":2658},"/dpopowich/2021-07-30/data-collector","Asynchronous Python - A Real World Example","A dive into a real example of async Python usage.","2021-07-30",[2409,2348,2656],"async","content:dpopowich:2021-07-30:data-collector.md",{"user":2659,"name":2660},"dpopowich","Daniel Popowich",{"_path":2662,"title":2663,"description":2664,"tags":2665,"image":2667,"publishDate":2668,"_id":2669,"author":2670},"/dpopowich/2023-8/postgres-pubsub","Using PostgreSQL for Pub/Sub","A+L has been working on a Single Page Application (SPA) wherein our client's users take on the role of Staff Users (think: project managers) as they aid their Customer Users in using the application to complete a complex project.",[2666,2409,2656],"postgresql","/dpopowich/2023-8/img/psql_pub_sub.png","2024-04-15","content:dpopowich:2023-8:postgres-pubsub.md",{"user":2659,"name":2660},{"_path":2672,"title":2673,"description":2674,"tags":2675,"image":2678,"publishDate":2679,"_id":2680,"author":2681},"/ewahl/2025-05/escape_deployment_hell","Escape Deployment Hell: IaC, CDK, Ephemeral Environments, and the Pragmatic Path to Platform Power","Another Friday afternoon, another deployment fire. If this sounds familiar, you're not alone. On too many projects, the chasm between application code and infrastructure management breeds manual configuration nightmares, crippling complexity, and agonizingly slow development cycles. But what if your team could sidestep this chaos, focusing on building features instead of constantly battling deployment gremlins?",[2676,2677,2409],"devops","aws","/ewahl/2025-05/img/deployment_hell.png","2025-05-13","content:ewahl:2025-05:escape_deployment_hell.md",{"user":2682,"name":2683},"ewahl","Edward F. Wahl",{"_path":2685,"title":2686,"description":2687,"publishDate":2688,"image":2689,"tags":2690,"_id":2691,"author":2692},"/ewahl/2025-06/argued_with_ai","I Argued With an AI for 20 Minutes About Async Code — And I'm Surprisingly Happy","If you have ever spent twenty minutes debating an obscure AWS Lambda invocation pattern with an AI, you might question your life choices. But here I am: amused by the wasted time but ultimately happy with the outcome and understanding I gained.","2026-06-01","/ewahl/2025-06/img/argued_with_ai.png",[2676,2677,2409],"content:ewahl:2025-06:argued_with_ai.md",{"user":2682,"name":2683},{"_path":2694,"title":2695,"description":2696,"tags":2697,"image":2698,"publishDate":2193,"_id":2699,"author":2700},"/jbagley/2019-4/makingspectrogramsinjuce","Making Spectrograms in JUCE","Art+Logic's Incubator project has made a lot of progress. In a previous post I mentioned that Dr. Scott Hawley's technique to classify audio involved converting audio to an image and using a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) to classify the audio based on this image. That image is a spectrogram. I'm going to go into some detail about what we do to create one, and why to the best of my ability.",[2111,2185,2512],"/jbagley/2019-4/img/Fortissimo_Trumpet_Ensemble_Matrix_Swells_61.wav-2048x1700.png","content:jbagley:2019-4:MakingSpectrogramsInJUCE.md",{"user":2701,"name":2702},"jbagley","Jason Bagley",{"_path":2704,"title":2705,"description":2706,"tags":2707,"image":2709,"publishDate":2710,"_id":2711,"author":2712},"/jbagley/2021-07/softwaresenescence","Legacy Vulnerabilities AKA Software Senescence","Does your business still have an XT computer in the back office because it's\nrunning that one version of some database software that your business depends\non? Yeah, we know there is. Most modern software doesn't work like that.",[2621,2708],"project-management","/jbagley/2021-07/img/old_software_to_new.jpg","2021-07-01","content:jbagley:2021-07:SoftwareSenescence.md",{"user":2701,"name":2702},{"_path":2714,"title":2715,"description":2716,"tags":2717,"image":2719,"publishDate":2720,"_id":2721,"author":2722},"/jbagley/2021-08-01/accuratetiming","Accurate Timing","In many tasks we need to do something at given intervals of time. The most obvious ways may not give you the best results.",[2185,2718],"timing","/jbagley/2021-08-01/img/accurateTiming.jpg","2021-08-01","content:jbagley:2021-08-01:AccurateTiming.md",{"user":2701,"name":2702},{"_path":2724,"title":2725,"description":2726,"tags":2727,"image":2731,"publishDate":2732,"_id":2733,"author":2734},"/jbagley/2023-06-01/universal_ffmpeg_custom_builds","Building Universal FFmpeg Custom Binaries","I am using a very pared down set of FFMpeg features for a macOS project that I\nbuild into a custom library. I had a script set up to configure the build which\nworked fine on my Intel based MacBook Pro. Then I upgraded to an Apple Silicon\nMacBookPro and wanted to run natively, or at least see what happened when I\ndid. To build, FFMpeg uses autoconf which produces a makefile that then handles\nthe build.",[2728,2729,2730,2109],"c","bash","ffmpeg","/jbagley/2023-06-01/img/header.png","2024-04-01","content:jbagley:2023-06-01:Universal_FFMPEG_custom_builds.md",{"user":2701,"name":2702},{"_path":2736,"title":2737,"description":2738,"publishDate":2739,"image":2740,"tags":2741,"_id":2745,"author":2746},"/jbagley/2025-08/a_developers_primer_on_apple_tracking_transparency","A Primer on Apple's App Tracking Transparency","If an app tracks user activity, Apple requires them to declare all information they collect as well as whether that data is linked or tracked. This includes collection by the app itself and any third parties the app uses. The app owner is responsible for knowing and correctly reporting privacy information for all components in the app.","2026-05-22","/jbagley/2025-08/img/apple_app_transparency.png",[2742,2743,2108,2744],"app tracking transparency","att","macos","content:jbagley:2025-08:a_developers_primer_on_apple_tracking_transparency.md",{"user":2701,"name":2702},{"_path":2748,"title":2749,"description":2750,"tags":2751,"image":2755,"publishDate":2756,"_id":2757,"author":2758},"/jestep/2023-3/fastapi","FastAPI: A High-Performance Python Framework for Rapid Web Development","FastAPI is a modern and high-performance Python web framework designed specifically for building APIs and web applications quickly and efficiently. Developed by Sebastián Ramírez and first released in 2018, FastAPI has rapidly gained traction in the developer community thanks to its focus on providing key features for API and web app development with excellent performance.",[2409,2752,2410,2753,2754],"fastapi","flask","pyramid","/jestep/2023-3/img/header.png","2024-05-01","content:jestep:2023-3:fastapi.md",{"user":2759,"name":2760},"jestep","Jagger Estep",{"_path":2762,"title":2763,"description":2764,"publishDate":2765,"tags":2766,"image":2770,"_id":2771,"author":2772},"/nharrison/2012-07/core-data","Securing Your Core Data with Transformable Attributes","In order to store private data in an iOS Core Data database, there are several methods available for encryption, including:","2012-07-30",[2767,2768,2108,22,2769],"core-data","encryption","objective-c","/nharrison/2012-07/img/superman.jpg","content:nharrison:2012-07:core-data.md",{"user":2773,"name":2774},"nharrison","Noah Harrison",{"_path":2776,"title":2777,"description":2778,"tags":2779,"publishDate":2784,"image":2785,"_id":2786,"author":2787},"/phendry/2019-3/restfromthebottomup","REST from the Bottom Up","The RESTful API has a funny place in the software development world: it's widely regarded as the best general-purpose pattern for building web application APIs, and yet it's also nebulous enough of a concept to cause endless disagreements within teams over exactly how to implement one.",[2780,2781,2782,2783],"rest","api","web","architecture","2019-10-01","/phendry/2019-3/img/feature_image.png","content:phendry:2019-3:RestFromTheBottomUp.md",{"user":2788,"name":2789},"phendry","Paul Hendry",{"_path":2791,"title":2792,"description":2793,"tags":2794,"publishDate":2710,"image":2795,"_id":2796,"author":2797},"/phendry/2021-06/smoothupgradestovue3","Smooth Upgrades to Vue 3","This post assumes basic familiarity with Vue.js v2.x.",[2224,2522,2348],"/phendry/2021-06/img/vue-transition.jpg","content:phendry:2021-06:SmoothUpgradesToVue3.md",{"user":2788,"name":2789},{"_path":2799,"title":2800,"description":2801,"image":2802,"tags":2803,"publishDate":2654,"_id":2804,"author":2805},"/phendry/2021-07-30/spotthevulndataranges","Spot the Vulnerability: Data Ranges and Untrusted Input","In 1997, a flaw was discovered in how Linux and Windows handled IP fragmentation, a Denial-of-Service vulnerability which allowed systems to be crashed remotely.","/phendry/2021-07-30/img/vulnerability.jpg",[22,2073],"content:phendry:2021-07-30:SpotTheVulnDataRanges.md",{"user":2788,"name":2789},{"_path":2807,"title":2808,"description":2809,"tags":2810,"image":2811,"publishDate":2812,"_id":2813,"author":2814},"/phendry/2021-08-15/exploringdependenttypesinidris","Exploring Dependent Types in Idris","When I'm not coding the \"impossible\" at Art+Logic, I take a lot of interest in new programming technologies and paradigms; even if they're not yet viable for use in production, there can often be takeaways for improving your everyday code.",[2259],"/phendry/2021-08-15/img/dependent-types.jpg","2021-08-15","content:phendry:2021-08-15:ExploringDependentTypesInIdris.md",{"user":2788,"name":2789},{"_path":2816,"title":2817,"description":2818,"tags":2819,"image":2820,"publishDate":2821,"_id":2822,"author":2823},"/phendry/2021-10-30/spotthevulnloopsandtermconditions","Spot the Vulnerability: Loops and Terminating Conditions","In memory-unsafe languages like C, special care must be taken when copying untrusted data, particularly when copying it to another buffer. In this post, we'll spot and mitigate a past vulnerability in Linux's NTP daemon.",[22,2073],"/phendry/2021-10-30/img/vulnerability-2.jpg","2021-10-30","content:phendry:2021-10-30:SpotTheVulnLoopsAndTermConditions.md",{"user":2788,"name":2789},{"_path":2825,"title":2826,"description":2827,"image":2828,"tags":2829,"publishDate":2830,"_id":2831,"author":2832},"/phendry/2022-07-21/migratingfromexpresstofastifypart1","Migrating from Express to Fastify, Part 1","Express.js has for years been the dominant lightweight Web framework for Node.js, but over time its development has stalled, with its latest major version (5.0) still in pre-release nearly eight years after its first alpha release. There's a lot to be said for this sort of stability in a foundational dependency for a project, but it's worth assessing whether the added features of competing frameworks are worth making a switch. In this article we'll be looking at Fastify in particular, to understand what it has to offer compared to Express and how difficult it is to migrate an existing Express project.","/phendry/2022-07-21/img/Migrating from Express to Fastify, Part 1.png",[2224,2073],"2023-12-01","content:phendry:2022-07-21:MigratingFromExpressToFastifyPart1.md",{"user":2788,"name":2789},{"_path":2834,"title":2835,"description":2836,"image":2837,"tags":2838,"publishDate":2839,"_id":2840,"author":2841},"/phendry/2022-07-28/migratingfromexpresstofastifypart2","Migrating from Express to Fastify, Part 2","In Part 1, we looked at the features of the Fastify Node.js Web framework compared to Express.js. In Part 2, we'll work through migrating an example Express.js application to Fastify.","/phendry/2022-07-28/img/Migrating from Express to Fastify, Part 2.png",[2224,2073],"2023-12-31","content:phendry:2022-07-28:MigratingFromExpressToFastifyPart2.md",{"user":2788,"name":2789},{"_path":2843,"title":2844,"description":2845,"tags":2846,"image":2847,"publishDate":2848,"_id":2849,"author":2850},"/phendry/2023-01-19/badcode","\"Bad\" Code (Or, Why Software Development is Hard)","Recently, the Dutch government open-sourced the iOS application for their \"DigiD\" authentication service. A tweet with a snippet of that source code, presumably making fun of it, blew up into a debate about whether mocking it is even justified. The amount of debate over such a simple snippet of code highlights, in my mind, just how tricky software development can be.",[22,2073],"/phendry/2023-01-19/img/Bad Code.png","2024-01-15","content:phendry:2023-01-19:BadCode.md",{"user":2788,"name":2789},{"_path":2852,"title":2853,"description":2854,"image":2855,"publishDate":2856,"tags":2857,"_id":2858,"author":2859},"/phendry/2023-01-31/forgetaboutcodestyle","Forget About [Code] Style","Good code style, being highly subjective, is something often debated among developers. After all, we spend more time reading code than writing it, so it's worth making sure our code is styled to be as easy as possible to read and to understand. On the other hand, deciding upon and continuously enforcing a style is also time-consuming, and the benefits are near-impossible to quantify. Given that modern code formatting tools can fully automate the process, is it still worth fretting about style?","/phendry/2023-01-31/img/forget_style_header.png","2024-02-01",[2259],"content:phendry:2023-01-31:ForgetAboutCodeStyle.md",{"user":2788,"name":2789},{"_path":2861,"title":2862,"description":2863,"image":2864,"tags":2865,"publishDate":2866,"_id":2867,"author":2868},"/phendry/2023-04-02/semantichtml","Don't Give Up on Semantic HTML","Since the early days of the Web, there has been tension between the ideal of \"semantic HTML\" and the practical reality of designing complex page layouts, which often could not be achieved without inserting style concerns into the document. More recently, frameworks like Tailwind CSS have emerged which challenge the very idea that semantic HTML is an ideal to strive for, and which commit to thoroughly embedding style concerns into HTML documents. With modern CSS features however, semantic HTML is more achievable than ever, and I do think it remains a worthy goal.","/phendry/2023-04-02/img/Don't Give Up on Semantic HTML.png",[2259],"2024-03-01","content:phendry:2023-04-02:SemanticHtml.md",{"user":2788,"name":2789},{"_path":2870,"title":2871,"description":2872,"image":2873,"tags":2874,"publishDate":2875,"_id":2876,"author":2877},"/phendry/2023-05-16/doyouneedacsspreprocessor","Do You Need a CSS Preprocessor in 2023?","CSS preprocessors like Less, Sass and Stylus have long provided powerful features that vanilla CSS lacked: variables, nesting of rulesets, mixins, control flow constructs, etc. These days however, the feature gap is considerably narrower, and it's not so clear that the benefits of a preprocessor outweight the burdens of setting it up.","/phendry/2023-05-16/img/css_preprocessor_header.png",[2259],"2023-01-01","content:phendry:2023-05-16:DoYouNeedACSSPreprocessor.md",{"user":2788,"name":2789},{"_path":2879,"title":2880,"description":2881,"image":2882,"publishDate":2883,"tags":2884,"_id":2885,"author":2886},"/phendry/2023-07-28/dependencymanagement","Software Dependency Management: Best Practices","Leveraging third-party libraries and frameworks is essential in most modern software projects, and the projects we build at Art+Logic are no exception. The pressure on developers to rapidly deliver features is high, and there are so many commonalities in the details of each project (particularly in Web development) that a lot of development time can be saved by using well-designed libraries that handle the details.","/phendry/2023-07-28/img/dependency_header.png","2023-01-02",[2259],"content:phendry:2023-07-28:DependencyManagement.md",{"user":2788,"name":2789},{"_path":2888,"title":2889,"description":2890,"tags":2891,"publishDate":2894,"image":2895,"_id":2896,"author":2897},"/phendry/2023-11-06/frontendframeworksin2024","Frontend Frameworks in 2024: React, Svelte and Vue","Several years ago, Art+Logic settled on Vue.js as our preferred frontend Web framework. Now, in 2024, we feel it's time to revisit the frontend framework landscape to see how things have (or haven't) changed.",[2259,2892,2893,2522],"react","svelte","2024-05-15","/phendry/2023-11-06/img/frontend_frameworks_2024.png","content:phendry:2023-11-06:FrontendFrameworksIn2024.md",{"user":2788,"name":2789},{"_path":2899,"title":2900,"description":2901,"publishDate":2902,"tags":2903,"image":2906,"_id":2907,"author":2908},"/rbrubaker/2012-06/arduino-thermometer","Turn Your Mac into a Thermometer with Arduino","The topic of the Arduino came up around A&L's \"virtual water cooler\" last week. About a year and a half ago, I purchased a SparkFun Inventor's Kit for Arduino. The kit is a fun way for a hardware novice like me to get started and learn some basics. It comes with more than a dozen sample projects such as lighting LEDs, spinning a motor and generating audio.","2012-06-28",[2904,2905],"arduino","java","/rbrubaker/2012-06/img/arduino1.jpg","content:rbrubaker:2012-06:arduino-thermometer.md",{"user":2909,"name":2910},"rbrubaker","Ryan Brubaker",{"_path":2912,"title":2913,"description":2914,"publishDate":2915,"tags":2916,"_id":2919,"author":2920},"/rbrubaker/2012-06/coffe-backbone-1","Fun with CoffeeScript and Backbone.js : Part 1","CoffeeScript has been all the rage lately and I've been wanting to hop on board the bandwagon. I've also seen Backbone.js mentioned quite a bit and was even more intrigued after listening to this .NET Rocks podcast. I decided to convert some plain JavaScript code I had in a side project to use both CoffeeScript and Backbone.js and see how things went.","2012-06-06",[2917,2918,2249,2073],"backbone-js","coffeescript","content:rbrubaker:2012-06:coffe-backbone-1.md",{"user":2909,"name":2910},{"_path":2922,"title":2923,"description":2924,"publishDate":2925,"tags":2926,"_id":2927,"author":2928},"/rbrubaker/2012-06/coffee-backbone-2","Fun with CoffeeScript and Backbone.js : Part 2","In this post I’ll discuss the code that handles updating the UI.","2012-06-07",[2917,2918,2249,2073],"content:rbrubaker:2012-06:coffee-backbone-2.md",{"user":2909,"name":2910},{"_path":2930,"title":2931,"description":2932,"publishDate":2933,"tags":2934,"_id":2935,"author":2936},"/rbrubaker/2012-06/coffee-backbone-3","Fun with CoffeeScript and Backbone.js : Part 3","In this post I’ll discuss my thoughts on CoffeeScript and Backbone.js.","2012-06-08",[2917,2918,2249,2073],"content:rbrubaker:2012-06:coffee-backbone-3.md",{"user":2909,"name":2910},{"_path":2938,"title":2939,"description":2940,"publishDate":2941,"tags":2942,"_id":2943,"author":2944},"/rbrubaker/2012-07/prototypal-js","Prototypal vs. Functional Inheritance in JavaScript","If you ever found JavaScript's prototypal inheritance confusing, do yourself a favor and open this article, open a JavaScript console and code each example in the article. You will definitely come away with a better understanding of how prototypal inheritance works in JavaScript.","2012-07-11",[2918,2224],"content:rbrubaker:2012-07:prototypal-js.md",{"user":2909,"name":2910},{"_path":2946,"title":2947,"description":2948,"publishDate":2949,"tags":2950,"_id":2951,"author":2952},"/rbrubaker/2012-07/whither-pm","Whither Project Management?","When I was first asked to manage a project at Art & Logic, I had my reservations. Did I really want to start down a career path that led to less development? Would my skills as a developer go stale? My first few projects as a manager were solo projects so I still had plenty of development work and fortunately, I found myself to be a pretty easy person to manage. As time went on I started managing larger projects and with them came the responsibility to manage other developers. To my surprise I found project management to be rewarding and dare I say, even fun. It's very satisfying to work with clients, helping them define their visions and seeing those visions come to life.","2012-07-25",[2708],"content:rbrubaker:2012-07:whither-pm.md",{"user":2909,"name":2910},{"_path":2954,"title":2955,"description":2956,"tags":2957,"image":2960,"publishDate":2193,"_id":2961,"author":2962},"/scharette/2019-4/discover_machine_learning","Discover Machine Learning","Computers have been around for less than 100 years.  In that short period of time, some incredible things have happened:  they've been universally adopted so quickly that we have them in our houses.  In our cars.  Even in our pockets.  In the last 40 years, there have been many significant events when it comes to computers:",[2958,2959,2185],"machine-learning","neural-networks","/scharette/2019-4/img/discover_machine_learning.png","content:scharette:2019-4:discover_machine_learning.md",{"user":2963,"name":2964},"scharette","Stéphane Charette",{"_path":2966,"title":2967,"description":2968,"publishDate":2969,"image":2970,"tags":2971,"_id":2973,"author":2974},"/shuey/2012-05/baas","BaaS Offerings Continue to Grow","The makers of Simplenote recently introduced their Backend as a Service (BaaS) offering called Simperium that looks to compete in an increasingly crowded space with services like CloudMine, Kinvey, and Parse and to some extent with iCloud for iOS and OS X only apps. So just how crowded is this space? Back in February, Kinvey published their own map of the BaaS ecosystem that highlights different tiers of the ecosystem and various relationships between them.","2012-05-10","/shuey/2012-05/img/header.png",[2972],"baas","content:shuey:2012-05:baas.md",{"user":2975,"name":2976},"shuey","Steven Huey",{"_path":2978,"title":2979,"description":2980,"publishDate":2981,"tags":2982,"image":2984,"_id":2985,"author":2986},"/shuey/2012-05/cloud","Under the Sheets with iCloud and Core Data","Drew McCormack is writing a great series (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3) of posts about using iCloud for syncing Core Data managed data. It's harder than Apple lets on and Drew has done a great job of uncovering how this actually works.","2012-05-28",[2109,2983],"icloud","/shuey/2012-05/img/icloud.jpg","content:shuey:2012-05:cloud.md",{"user":2975,"name":2976},{"_path":2988,"title":2989,"description":2990,"publishDate":2991,"tags":2992,"_id":2994,"author":2995},"/shuey/2012-05/economics-android","The Economics of Android","If you haven't already do yourself a favor and head over to asymco.com to catch Horace Deidu's multi-post series on \"The Economics of Android\". Horace and Dan Benjamin discuss the series during this week's Critical Path podcast as well. Horace is a former analyst for Nokia and has been writing Asymco for a few years now. His analysis of the mobile industry and Apple's place within it in particular has been featured in publications such as Bloomberg and Forbes.","2012-05-17",[2993],"android","content:shuey:2012-05:economics-android.md",{"user":2975,"name":2976},{"_path":2997,"title":2998,"description":2999,"publishDate":2550,"tags":3000,"_id":3003,"author":3004},"/shuey/2012-05/iot","The Internet of Things and Big Data","I've been following the developments in the \"Internet of Things\" and Big Data / Open Data markets as new apps and tools are released and they look to be two exciting technologies on a collision course. With the advent of internet connected home appliances like Wattvision and Nest that provide real utility to the average home owner at reasonable prices along with crowd funded projects like Air Quality Egg or Twine we should see an explosion in the kinds and amount of useful and real-time or near real-time data that is available to anyone with a smartphone. Health metric or \"quantitative self\" tracking devices such as Fitbit, Jawbone Up, and the Pebble watch will fuel this data explosion as well.",[3001,3002],"big-data","iot","content:shuey:2012-05:iot.md",{"user":2975,"name":2976},{"_path":3006,"title":3007,"description":3008,"publishDate":3009,"tags":3010,"image":3012,"_id":3013,"author":3014},"/shuey/2012-05/rubymotion","RubyMotion Brings Ruby to iOS","RubyMotion is a new development toolchain that allows you to build iOS apps using Ruby created by Laurent Sansonetti, a former Apple engineer and contributor to the MacRuby project. It has garnered a lot of attention the past few weeks and some detailed reviews have already been written:","2012-05-14",[2108,3011],"ruby","/shuey/2012-05/img/logotype-icon.png","content:shuey:2012-05:rubymotion.md",{"user":2975,"name":2976},{"_path":3016,"title":3017,"description":3018,"publishDate":3019,"tags":3020,"image":3021,"_id":3022,"author":3023},"/shuey/2012-06/thoughts-ios6","A few thoughts on iOS 6","Apple made their session videos from WWDC 2012 available earlier this week in record time. It's nice to see since tickets for this years event sold out in under two hours. Apple has an iOS 6 Preview page touting some of the new features such as Siri's new abilities, tighter integration with Facebook, Photo Stream sharing, and things like iCloud tabs for Safari all of which look great.","2012-06-21",[2109,2108],"/shuey/2012-06/img/ios6.jpg","content:shuey:2012-06:thoughts-ios6.md",{"user":2975,"name":2976},{"_path":3025,"title":3026,"description":3027,"publishDate":3028,"tags":3029,"image":3031,"_id":3032,"author":3033},"/shuey/2012-07/mixer","A Simple Mixer Using AVFoundation","In iOS 4.0 Apple introduced the AV Foundation APIs that made working with audio and video media much easier than it had been in previous versions of iOS. Apple then brought these APIs to Mac OS X in OS X 10.7 \"Lion\". In this post I'll show how to use some of the APIs to create a simple four track mixer.","2012-07-02",[2109,3030,2108],"cocoa","/shuey/2012-07/img/mixer-screenshot.jpg","content:shuey:2012-07:mixer.md",{"user":2975,"name":2976},{"_path":3035,"title":3036,"description":3037,"publishDate":3038,"tags":3039,"image":3040,"_id":3041,"author":3042},"/shuey/2012-07/reset-button","The Reset Button","Horace Dediu of Asymco has been publishing some fantastic insights and analysis of the mobile market in the past few weeks. I linked to some of Dediu's analysis of the Economics of Android in an earlier post, and since then he's updated his work with the latest data and is studying RIM and Microsoft's efforts in the space as well.","2012-07-19",[2993,2109,2108],"/shuey/2012-07/img/kevin.jpg","content:shuey:2012-07:reset-button.md",{"user":2975,"name":2976},{"_path":3044,"title":3045,"description":3046,"publishDate":3047,"tags":3048,"image":3050,"_id":3051,"author":3052},"/tfarrel/2012-07","Looking at Steganography","With the help of one of my favorite news aggregators, I discovered this article on using JavaScript and the canvas element to hide information inside images. I've long been fascinated by steganography and this article and demonstration makes it even more accessible. If you can't be bothered to read the article, it describes a method of using the HTML5 File API and the canvas element to embed a message in images.","2012-07-24",[3049],"steganography","/tfarrel/2012-07/img/white.png","content:tfarrel:2012-07:index.md",{"user":3053,"name":3054},"tfarrel","Troy Farrel",1784782372011]